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The matter at its molecular or atomic level is engineered and manufactured through a technique called Nanotechnology. It has contributed in various fields of science, including material science, biology, chemistry, and engineering. Various research studies have suggested that crude extract of plant can enhance the activity of green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs), like gold (Au) and silver (Ag). However, one drawback of NPs is its toxicity. The altered size, shape or surface chemistry of NPs help in passive or active drug targeting. If the size, shape or surface chemistry of NPs is altered, drug targeting can be helped passively or actively. Changing the size, shape or surface chemistry of NPs can help drug targeting actively or passively. On the other hand, green synthesis is said to be environment friendly in which extract of plant is used as capping as well as a reducing agent. So, green synthesis of NPs is important when studying different pathogens. In recent years, nanotechnology has been applied in treating health-related problems, which showed promising results, mainly in the treatment of cancer. The present review discusses the historical and the latest development, drawbacks, , and the challenges faced in the field of green biosynthesis of NPs, along with its wide application.

The hydro-alcoholic extract of Withania coagulans fruits was investigated for preliminary phytochemical screening and characterized by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Column chromatography of the hydro-alcoholic extract of W. coagulans eluted with four different combinations of ethyl acetate and methanol yielded four fractions (WCF 01 , WCF 02 , WCF 03, and WCF 04 ). One of these fractions, WCF 02 , significantly ( P < 0.05) inhibited in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity with IC 50 values of 104.71 μg/mL and 70.79 μg/mL, respectively. WCF 02 further reduced blood glucose levels in comparison to control in the starch tolerance test. The extract showed a relative dose-dependent effect. It was observed that none of the extracts could delay the peak blood glucose that was achieved after 60 min of carbohydrate challenge, but these blunted the glycemic peak.