Background: Anemia is a common problem in pregnancy, particularly in developing countries which causes low birth weight and increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was adopted to determine the factors associated with anemia among pregnant Systematic Random Sampling technique was used and sample size was 280 pregnant women who visited the antenatal clinic of the Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Data was collected by face to face interview technique by pretested questionnaire. Chi-square, bivariate, multivariate logistic regression model was used, and statistical significance was determined with a 95% confidence level.Results: Mean age of respondents was 25.86±4.191 years. Anemia among pregnant women was 22.1%.The significant determinants associated with anemia were pregnant women who had not taken iron regularly (AOR=18.380,95%CI=3.687-91.624,p=0.005). Conclusion:The results indicate that anemia is still prevalence in pregnant women in tertiary level hospital at Kathmandu. Irregular intake or discontinuation of iron was significant factor for anemia. Therefore, pregnant women and their family members need counseling about the importance of regular intake of iron during pregnancy.

Background: Universal access to family planning is a human right, central to gender equality and women’s empowerment, and a key factor in reducing poverty. Use of contraception can prevent pregnancies related complication, helps in improving the health of mother and children and improve quality of life.Objective: to find out the predictors of use of contraception among married women of reproductive age (15-49 years).Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was adopted to find out the predictors of use of contraception among married women in Morang District. Cluster Random Sampling technique was used and sample size was 281. Data was collected by face to face interview technique by pretested questionnaire. Chisquare, bivariate, multivariable logistic regression model was used, and statistical significance was determined with a 95 % confidence level.Results: Mean age of the respondents was 29.52±5.64 years. Current contraceptive prevalence rate was 39.9%. The significant predictors associated with use of contraception were education status of husband (Adjusted Odd Ratio [AOR]=0.331, 95% CI= 0.144-0.759), being desire of children (AOR=2.564, 95%CI=1.060-6.198), spousal communication on contraception (AOR=5.120, 95%CI=2.460-10.656), husband approval on contraception (AOR=8.048, 95%CI=4.047-16.006), and prior use of contraception (AOR= 0.122, 95% CI=0.055-0.272). The common barriers of utilization of contraception were husband disapproval (57.4%) followed by fear of side effects (29.6%).Conclusion: Contraceptive prevalence rates were low. So, continued joint efforts are required to increase use of contraception to improve maternal and child health. It is recommended to involve male in family planning.Journal of Advanced Academic Research, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2016, page: 89-99

Sexual harassment has gained global attention and has been recognized as a critical public health concern with significant negative impacts on victims ‘physical and mental health. This study aimed to find out the awareness of sexual harassment among secondary school students in Nawalparasi District, Nepal. The descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to find out the awareness of sexual harassment among secondary-level students in Devchuli Municipality, Nawalparasi. Students studying in grades eight, nine, and ten were identified from two conveniently selected schools out of the 12 private schools in the study area. In total, 150 students took part in the study, and every one of them completed the questionnaire in its entirety. Data entry and analysis were done in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. The obtained data we reanalyzed using descriptive statistical methods like frequency, percentage, mean, and chi-square to ascertain the relationship between the level of awareness of sexual harassment and the selected socio-demographic characteristics. The findings showed that, among 150 respondents, most (82.0%) had a good level of awareness regarding sexual harassment. According to respondents ‘suggestions for preventing sexual harassment (SH) can be stopped by enacting strict rules, regulations, and policies against those who engage in the practice (85.3%), running awareness campaigns about the issue (83.3%), and offering training on how to handle sexual harassment (75.3%).There was no statistically significant relationship between the level of awareness of sexual harassment and the selected socio-demographic variables. It can be recommended that schools conduct an ongoing sensitization program or awareness campaign to teach students about sexual harassment periodically.

Background and objectives: Due to wide spread use of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phones they have become indispensable as communication tools and any consequent in biological effects should be important  as a high-priority environmental health issue. Their use without any knowledge of their harmful effects is unsafe.  The objectives of this study was to findout Knowledge regarding health hazards on cell phone use among Higher Secondary Level Students, Birgunj. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross sectional research design was used. Sample size was 111 higher secondary level students.  Non-probability sampling techniques was used to selected College and class XI and XII. Whereas, 750 students were class XI with 8 section and class run in morning and day shift. Similarly, class XII had 700 students with 6 section and class run in morning and day shift. Out of 1450 students, 61 students from grade XI and 50 students from grade XII, altogether 111 students were selected respectively by using Stratified Sampling technique from proportionate method. Self- Administered Questionnaire was used for data collection. Data entry and analysis was done in SPSS version 17. Data was analyzed by using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean) and inferential statistics (chi square test) to identify association between level of knowledge with selected variables. Results: The finding of the study showed that all most (89.2%) respondents had poor level of knowledge and only 12 (10.8%) respondents had average level of knowledge. Almost all (98.2%) respondents had cell phone among them 78 (71.6%) have smart phone. In the inferential statistics there were statistically significant association (p<0.05) between level of knowledge and grade (0.003). Conclusion: This study concluded that knowledge regarding health hazards on cell phone use is poor among higher secondary level students. Some educational intervention need to organized on this topic by giving different programs on television, radio, newspaper, and internet to discourage unhealthy practice of cell phone.

Background & Objective: With the increasing use of technology in education, online learning has become a common teaching methods. The objective of the study was to find out perception and practice of online learning among nursing students Dhanusha, Nepal. Material and Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to find out perception and practice of online learning among nursing students in Dhanusha, Nepal. Students studying in academic program of Proficiency Certificate Level, Generic Bachelor Science Nursing, and Bachelor in Nursing Science were identified from seven conveniently selected nursing colleges out of the nine nursing college in the study area. Simple Random sampling technique (Lottery Method) was used to selected students from selected nursing colleges. A total 392 nursing students participated in this study, and all students filled out the questionnaire completely. Data entry and analysis were done in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods like frequency, percentage, mean, and inferential statistics chi -square test was applied to measure associations between level of perception and practice with selected variables. Results: The descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to find out perception and practice of online learning among nursing students in Dhanusha, Nepal. Students studying in academic program of Proficiency Certificate Level, Generic Bachelor Science Nursing, and Bachelor in Nursing Science were identified from seven conveniently selected nursing colleges out of the nine nursing college in the study area. Simple Random sampling technique (Lottery Method) was used to selected students from selected nursing colleges. A total 392 nursing students participated in this study, and all students filled out the questionnaire completely. Data entry and analysis were done in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods like frequency, percentage, mean, and inferential statistics chi -square test was applied to measure associations between level of perception and practice with selected variables. Conclusion: The findings showed that 52.55% had favorable perceptions towards online learning, which was comparatively higher than unfavorable perceptions, which were 47.35%. Among the 392 respondents, 16 (4.08%) had not attended an online class. Among 377 respondents who had taken online classes, 248 (63.27%) had good practice while the practice of 128 (32.6%) was found to be poor. There was a statistically significant association between perception and practice. Similarly, there was an association between perception and the academic year of a nursing student, as well as between perception and monthly family income.