Background: Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci, which causes multiple complications such as bone, skin, joint and soft tissue infections. Penicillin was the first antibiotic that showed resistance to S. aureus; however, following penicillin, S. aureus became resistant to Methicillin and became a problem in many parts of the world. Worldwide epidemiology of S. aureus varies by country. In Austria, CA-MRSA accounts for 10% of all MRSA isolates. Many clones of S. aureus were discovered in Asian and as well as in European countries. Many patients in Southeast Asia are infected with various S. aureus variants. Aim: The aim of this study was to review epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus in different countries. Results: Previous findings revealed that Panton-Valentine leukeocidin (PVL) genes were present in S. aureus strains. Furthermore, most widely accepted antibiotic resistance genes in clinical isolates of S. aureus strains are mecA. S. aureus spread throughout the hospital and into the community as well. They differ from one another in some ways, such as PVL genes and staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette Mec (SCCmec) subtyping. Conclusion: It is concluded based on previously published research as well as review articles that different clones are of S. aureus are present in different regions of the world which further shows similar characteristics in some regions while totally different from the clones found in other countries. S. aureus infection can be treated by combining some antibiotics such as Vancomycin with Rifampin and Gentamicin. It can also be avoided by practicing good hand hygiene and avoiding intravenous drugs, which can cause a variety of infections. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, CA-MRSA, HA-MRSA, Resistance

Background: Brucellosis is one of the ultimate well-known zoonotic diseases and is endemic in many cultivated countries affecting both humans and livestock. In humans’ obstacles of brucellosis are continuous fever, joint pain, sweating, weakness, fatigue, headache, chest pain and abdominal pain. Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by a protozoan apicomplexan parasite named Toxoplasma gondii. Though it is symptomless but in severity it causes encephalitis, myocarditis, and pneumonia. Methods: The study aim was to accomplish the serological prevalence of Brucella melitensis and Toxoplasma gondii in butchers processed through ICT and serum agglutination tests. For this purpose, 270 blood samples were randomly collected from active butchers at seven different union councils of district Karak. The blood samples were examined for brucellosis and toxoplasmosis based on serum slide agglutination and immune chromatographic tests. SPSS version 22 for windows will be used for the analysis of data. Results: The overall prevalence of brucellosis and toxoplasmosis was 15.6% and 21.9%, respectively. Furthermore, a higher prevalence of brucellosis and toxoplasmosis was found in butchers with age group (15-31 years) 7.4% and 8.1% and weight group (63kg-80kg) 7.4% and 10.7%. In conclusion, brucellosis is a significant public health problem in and around district Karak. Conclusion: This disease can be forestalling, especially in rural areas, through preventive measures. It is endorsed that public health supremacy should enlighten the public about the prevention and control of brucellosis and toxoplasmosis. Keywords: Brucella melitensis; Toxoplasma gondii; Prevalence; Butcher; Karak