Background and Aims:Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is highly distressing and unpleasant symptom. Dexamethasone and palonosetron are effective antiemetics with minimal side effect profile. This study compares the efficacy of palonosetron or dexamethasone alone and their combination (palonosetron plus dexamethasone) for prevention of PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods:This prospective, randomised, double-blind trial was done on 187 adults, American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade I and II patients, aged 18–75 years undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. They were allocated to three groups which were to receive either of the three treatment regimens: dexamethasone 8 mg (Group D, n = 57), palonosetron 0.075 mg (Group P, n = 66) or dexamethasone 8 mg plus palonosetron 0.075 mg (Group PD, n = 64). The primary outcome was incidence of PONV in 24 h and the secondary outcome was a number of rescue antiemetic required. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare the means amongst three groups. To compare the proportions in the groups, Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test/Two proportions Z-test was applied as appropriate.Results:Overall incidences of PONV in the study 24 h postoperatively were 23.4% in PD, 27.2% in P group and 56.14% in D group (P < 0.001). Requirement of rescue antiemetic was more in dexamethasone group than other two groups (PD = 1 time, P = 1.38 times and D = 1.5 times).Conclusion:Palonosetron alone and palonosetron-dexamethasone combination were equally effective in the prevention of PONV. Dexamethasone alone was least effective amongst the three groups. There is no difference between palonosetron and palonosetron-dexamethasone for PONV prevention.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A new technique which has revolutionized sinus surgery recently is balloon sinuplasty. The vast majority of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis improve with medical management, including antibiotics, saline irrigation, nasal steroids, antihistamines, allergy therapy, and asthma control. This study was conducted to study the effect of balloon sinuplasty in patients affected with rhinosinusitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study was conducted in all the patients visiting our hospital. Medical treatment included oral and sometimes intravenous antibiotics, nasal steroids, decongestants, systemic steroids, and allergy management. Those who had a positive biopsy were excluded from this study. The selected cohort of 20 patients, were prepared for balloon sinuplasty surgery in the same way as for conventional functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and were operated by our surgical team.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 20 patients were included in the study, 70% men and aged 30±12 years. Sinuplasty was performed in 32 sinuses of 20 patients (22 maxillary, 4 sphenoid and 8 frontal sinuses).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Sinuplasty with balloon catheterization is effective in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life in selected patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The results are beyond reported symptoms and confirm the benefit of balloon sinuplasty.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

There is a typo in the last word of the title ''Fees'' in the online published version of the article. This needs to be corrected as ''Fess''. The publisher regret for this error. The correct article title should be ''Impact of Patient Guidance Handouts on Outcomes of FESS''.

Background At the present time, after giving birth to one or two, couples usually use some method of family planning. But if women are unable to conceive a child, known as infertility, is a medical problem and carries serious demographic, social, as well as health consequences. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the relationship between infertility and highly educated working women after controlling for certain socioeconomic and demographic variables and efforts have been made to see this difference between urban and rural residing women. Methods The information about infertile women is collected from 40,401 currently married women aged 20–35 in India using National Family Health Survey data conducted in 2015-16. Bivariate analysis along with unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression is used to access the relationship of our objective. Results Findings of the bivariate analysis revealed that among 40,401 currently married women 3782 (9.4%) women are infertile in India. Out of 3782 infertile women, 1242 (10.7%) reside in urban and 2540 (8.8%) in rural areas. Findings of logistic regression analysis show that women are 20% more likely to be infertile if they are highly educated as well as have a job. When we saw this interaction effect by place of residence, we found that women living in urban areas had a 1.32 (95% CI 1.126–1.876) times increased likelihood of infertility compared with those without this interaction effect whereas rural women had an increased likelihood of infertility by 1.06 (95% CI 1.008–1.536) times. Respondent’s age and overweight were also found to be positively associated factors of infertility in urban as well as rural areas. Although the wealth index is only a potential predictor of infertility in urban areas, its effect on infertility in rural areas is minor. Conclusions In India education and wealth index both are increasing day by day. Due to the increasing level of education and other knowledge in society, we observe age at marriage is also increasing particularly in the urban areas, also the intention to have less number of children in the highly educated and higher socio-economic status groups is observed, and this creates another medical burden called infertility which is an emerging issue across the world, especially in India. In fact, Infertility is not only a medical burden but also affects the married life of women. Thus, there is a need to focus on this issue and make people aware of it through various programs.

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