Geese are capable of digesting and making use of a high-fiber diet, but the mechanism is not well understood and would be of great significance for the development and utilization of roughage resources. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary fiber (source: corn stover and alfalfa, included at 5% or 8%) on microflora in goose intestines. We used 35-day-old Carlos geese in which we first studied the influence of fiber ingestion on diet digestibility and immune organ indices of geese and found that high dietary fiber (8% content) significantly increased feed intake, the digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fiber, and thymus, bursa, and spleen size. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of dietary fiber on the microbial flora in the various intestinal segments by high throughput sequencing. The bacterial diversity and relative abundance were significantly affected by the type and amount of dietary fiber fed, including that of cellulolytic bacteria such as Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas spp. Finally, we isolated and identified 8 strains with cellulolytic ability from goose intestine and then analyzed their activities in combination. The optimal combination for cellulase activity was Cerea bacillus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study has laid a theoretical and practical foundation for knowledge of the efficient conversion and utilization of cellulose by geese.

In this study, Yb[Formula: see text]/Ho[Formula: see text], Yb[Formula: see text]/Tb[Formula: see text] co-doped, and Yb[Formula: see text]/Ho[Formula: see text]/Tb[Formula: see text] tri-doped phosphate glasses have been prepared by the high-temperature melting method using P2O5 as the base material, and these phosphate glasses are characterized as non-crystalline structures by X-ray diffraction. Under 980 nm excitation, highly efficient blue (489 nm), green (545 nm), and red (661 nm) upconversion luminescences can be observed in this glass system, which are attributed to Tb[Formula: see text]: 5D[Formula: see text]F6, Tb[Formula: see text]: 5D4 [Formula: see text]7F5, and Ho[Formula: see text]: 5F5 [Formula: see text]5I8 radiative transitions, respectively. The upconversion emission intensity and excitation power dependence analysis reveal that the blue and green light emissions are three-photon processes, while red light emission is a two-photon process. White light emission can be achieved by adjusting the doping concentration of rare-earth ions in the Yb[Formula: see text]/Ho[Formula: see text]/Tb[Formula: see text] tri-doped phosphate glasses. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of 2Yb[Formula: see text]/0.1Ho[Formula: see text]/0.4Tb[Formula: see text] tri-doped phosphate glass (0.39, 0.39) under 980 nm excitation are relatively close to those of the standard light source (0.33, 0.33), indicating the potential application of this material in the field of illumination, such as emissive displays, fluorescent lamps and fiber lasers.