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Methyl 6-aminodeoxy-d-pyranoside-derived platinum(II) glycoconjugates were designed and synthesized based on the clinical drug oxaliplatin for glucose transporter (GLUT)-mediated tumor targeting. In addition to a substantial improvement in water solubility, the conjugates exhibited cytotoxicity similar to or higher than that of oxaliplatin in six different human cancer cell lines. GLUT-mediated transport of the complexes was investigated with a cell-based fluorescence competition assay and GLUT-inhibitor-mediated cytotoxicity analysis in a GLUT-overexpressing human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29) cell line. The antitumor effect of the aminodeoxypyranoside-conjugated platinum(II) complexes was found to depend significantly on the GLUT inhibitor, and the cellular uptake of the molecules was regulated by GLUT-mediated transport. The results from this study demonstrate the potential advantages of aminodeoxypyranosides as sugar motifs for glycoconjugation for Warburg-effect-targeted drug design. These fundamental results also support the potential of aminodeoxypyranoside-conjugated platinum(II) complexes as lead compounds for further preclinical evaluation.

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To describe the aetiology, clinical features, and short-term outcomes of children with status epilepticus (SE), in particular super-refractory SE (SRSE), by a nationwide multicentre study in China. Methods: In this retrospective study, inpatient children with SE were identified from neurology departments and paediatric intensive care units from 44 hospitals in 27 provinces of China between 2013 and 2015. Clinical data were exported from the Hospital Information System. Results: Clinical records from children with SE (n = 4255) aged 1 month to 18 years were enrolled; 13.1 % were diagnosed with SRSE. The most common known SE aetiology was acute symptomatic aetiology (42.8 %) and 50.2 % of SE was caused by epilepsy of unknown aetiology. Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections (38.8 %) were associated with SRSE (P < 0.001). The overall SE in-hospital mortality rate was 3.0 %, which was significantly higher in the children with SRSE than in those with non-SRSE (15.2 % versus 1.4 %, respectively; P < 0.001). Fourteen percent of the children with SE had various levels of neurological dysfunction at discharge. SRSE was a risk factor for in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio = 4.14; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.34−7.32; P < 0.001) and neurological dysfunction at discharge (odds ratio = 2.85; 95 % CI: 1.90−4.27; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Acute symptomatic aetiology was the most common known cause of paediatric SE. Aetiology was associated with progression to SRSE and short-term neurological dysfunction at discharge. Furthermore, SRSE was considered a risk factor for in-hospital mortality and short-term neurological dysfunction.

Background The tuberous sclerosis-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND) have not previously been studied in China. We aimed to assess the psychiatric level of individuals with TAND using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children (MINI-KID) in China. Results A total of 83.16% of individuals (79/95) had at least one TAND, and 70.53% (67/95) had an intellectual disability. The MINI-KID tool diagnosed 16 neuropsychiatric diseases, the most common of which were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (51.58%, 49/95) and social anxiety disorder (30.53%, 29/95). The number of children with psychiatric diseases in the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) group was significantly greater than the number in the typically developing group (P < 0.0001). Notably, 69.47% (66/95) had two or more psychiatric disorders. Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) was often co-morbid with other psychiatric disorders. Conclusions This study used the structured and systematic MINI-KID scale to determine the diagnosis of psychiatric co-morbidities in a relatively large sample, suggesting a higher rate. By comparing the status of individuals with TSC with typically developing children, the results suggests that neuropsychiatric co-morbidities are significantly higher in individuals with TSC. Research has revealed the frequent presence of two, three or more neuropsychiatric diseases in individuals with TSC.