Conjunctival necrosis and retraction post-AGV can cause late postoperative co-infections by fulminant and slow-growing organisms. A close follow-up is therefore essential in these cases to prevent sight-threatening complications.

Objective To report the demographic profile,clinical characteristics, and outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Zone I posterior. Methods In a partly retrospective (ten years) and partly prospective (one year) study, we analyzed the demographic profile, clinical characteristics, treatment type, recurrences, and outcomes of babies with ROP in Zone I posterior. Results The study included 130 eyes of 67 infants with a mean gestational age and birth weight of 29.3 (± 2.2) weeks and 1217.3 (± 381.9) grams, respectively. All babies had received unblended oxygen with a poor weight gain in the majority.The ROP subtypes included aggressive,threshold, hybrid, stage 4, and atypical type in 78, 20, 11, 15, and 6 eyes, respectively. Fibrovascular proliferation when present,was prominent nasally, occasionally overriding the disc margin. Extensive arteriovenous tortuosity was more prominent than vascular dilatation. Atypical observations included bleb-like detachment(n = 6 eyes), candle wax-like preretinal deposits (n = 23 eyes), and large arteriovenous shunts (n = 9eyes). Primary treatment included intravitreal anti-VEGF in 119 eyes and laser in 11 eyes. Among those with follow-upfor more than 6 months, the recurrence was seen in 48.3% (n = 29) of eyes with anti-VEGF; with additional laser treatment, the outcome was favorable in 90.5% (n = 116) of eyes. Conclusions Zone I posterior ROP has a distinct profile with several atypical characteristics; it differsfrom ROP in other zones. Primary anti-VEGF treatment is beneficial but inadequate; most babies need additional laser or surgery.Improved neonatal care, earlier screening, and a combination of intravitreal anti-VEGF and laser are recommended.

Objectives: This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the ocular outcomes of universal eye screening in newborns and assess the relationship between different perinatal risk factors and various ocular pathologies in infants who do not meet the criteria for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening. Methods: A universal eye screening questionnaire was utilised to screen newborn babies who did not meet the ROP screening criteria within 72 hours of birth at a public and private hospital between June 2016 to April 2018. The questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, neonatal history, and eye examination findings. A trained retina specialist conducted comprehensive anterior and posterior segment examinations utilising a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. Results: Out of the 1795 newborns screened, 55.2% were male, and 44.8% were female. The most prevalent ocular pathology observed was retinal haemorrhage (RH), with a prevalence of 10.64% (95% CI: 9.25% – 12.16%). The prevalence of non-RH pathology was 7.5% (95% CI: 6.34% – 8.84%). Multivariable analysis revealed that RH was associated with normal vaginal deliveries (OR: 10.1; 95% CI: 6.9-15), while non-RH pathologies were associated with preterm birth (OR: 5.6; 95% CI: 3.5-9.0), consanguinity (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3-4.1), low birth weight (OR: 8.8; 95% CI: 5.1-15.1), and systemic abnormalities (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 2.0-5.3). Conclusions: Sight-threatening ocular pathology in newborns may be linked to perinatal risk factors such as preterm birth, low birth weight, consanguinity, and systemic abnormalities. Therefore, targeted eye screening for newborns in this high-risk group is warranted.