Struggling with basic restrictions in mental operations, information ‎processing, and social and communicative skills, mentally-‎challenged children learn with delay. Numerous methods have been ‎proposed to enhance learning among the mentally challenged. One is ‎emo-sensory education which highlights the interplay of senses and ‎emotions and raises teachers’ awareness of practical sense and ‎emotion utilization in class. This study analyzed emo-sensory text on ‎Persian literature, basic sciences, and theology books of mentally-‎challenged fourth-graders in terms of senses and emotions. These ‎books were compared to those utilized for normal fourth graders. ‎The emo-sensory text analysis revealed no significant differences ‎between these two sets of books regarding applying emo-sensory ‎words. Material developers merely paid attention to the visual sense, ‎while mentally-challenged and normal children are considerably ‎different. Various senses have to be integrated into the textbooks to ‎enhance learning and communicative skills, which seems to have ‎been overlooked. As a result, authors should include more emo-‎sensory stimuli to boost information processing and benefit the ‎mentally challenged.

Vocabulary growth predicts communication ability and communication without vocabulary is impossible. The study was done among 50 EFL learners to examine the effect of music-based instruction on their vocabulary retention and attitudes. They were divided into experimental and control groups. First, a pre-test was conducted to fulfill the homogeneity assumption. Then, the photo dictionary part of the “English for Schools Prospect 1” book was set to music and the experimental group underwent music-based practices. While the control group received audio-visual instruction. Immediately after the instructions, a 20-item test was given to the groups. Subsequently, a 9-item attitude scale was distributed among the teacher, observer, and groups. After two weeks, a long-term memory test was conducted between the two groups. Results presented that the experimental group significantly outscored in the short- and long-term memory tests compared with the control group. Moreover, results from the attitude scale indicated that they welcomed music-based instruction allowing more profound vocabulary learning and communication ability than the audio-visual practices.