A molybdenum germylene complex having Mo−H and Ge−H bonds, Cp*(CO) 2 (H)MoGe(H){C(SiMe 3 ) 3 } (1), was synthesized by the reaction of a methyl molybdenum complex with a trihydrogermane and was converted to a germylyne complex, Cp*(CO) 2 MoGe{C(SiMe 3 ) 3 } (2), via dehydrogenation with aryl isocyanates under mild heating. A similar conversion from the same germylene complex into the germylyne complex also occurred using nitriles instead of isocyanates, while releasing imines via a Mo−Ge−N three-membered ring complex Cp*(CO) 2 Mo[κ 2 (N,Ge)Ge-(N CHR){C(SiMe 3 ) 3 }] (4, R = Me and aryl groups) as an intermediate. Formation of imines was confirmed by a trapping experiment with BPh 3 , which afforded a BPh 3 -imine adduct. In the case of aryl nitriles, the corresponding three-membered ring intermediates were converted into the germylyne complex efficiently by blue LED light irradiation. TD-DFT calculations on the three-membered-ring intermediate suggest that the role of the LED light is to induce CO ligand dissociation from the intermediate via a metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (MLCT) transition.

A base-free iron germylene complex Cp*(CO)(H)Fe[double bond, length as m-dash]GeH{C(SiMe)} (1) was synthesised by abstraction of pyridine from a germyl complex Cp*(CO)(py)FeGeH{C(SiMe)} (2), which was prepared by treatment of Cp*Fe(CO)(py)(Me) with HGeC(SiMe). X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that 1 has an Fe-Ge bond that is the shortest among those ever reported. Reactivity of 1 toward several polar unsaturated organic compounds was investigated. Complex 1 underwent stoichiometric hydrogermylation of carbonyl compounds such as ketones, aldehydes and isocyanates (RNCO) at room temperature. In contrast, the reactions of 1 with isothiocyanates (RNCS) resulted in clean cleavage of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]S double bonds.

Spectrophotometric method using diphenylcarbazide as a colour developing reagent has been used to analyze the chromium content in tannery effluent located in Bara and Parsa districts of Nepal and Sirsiya River which is an ultimate drainage of these waste water streams. The adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution onto formaldehyde treated sawdust and charcoal of sugarcane begasses has been investigated at various Cr(VI) concentrations of 5-40 mg/L and pH values. From the experimental observations, it has been found that chromium can be removed quantitatively at the equilibrium pH range of around 1 and the adsorption behavior revealed to follow Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.