Internet of Drones (IoD) is a decentralized network and management framework that links drones' access to the controlled airspace and provides inter-location navigation services. The interconnection of drones in the IoD network is through the Internet of Things (IoT). Hence the IoD network is vulnerable to all the security and privacy threats that affect IoT networks. It is highly required to safeguard a good atmosphere free from security and privacy threats to get the desired performance from IoD applications. Security and privacy issues have significantly restricted the overall influence of the IoD paradigm. There are existing survey studies that helped lay a vital foundation for understanding the IoD security and privacy issues. However, not all have thoroughly investigated the level of security and privacy threats associated with the various drone categories. Besides, most existing review studies do not examine secured IoD architecture. This paper aims to assess the recent trends in the security and privacy issues that affect the IoD network. We investigate the level of security and privacy threats of the various drone categories. We then highlight the need for secured IoD architecture and propose one. We also give a comprehensive taxonomy of the attacks on the IoD network. Moreover, we review the recent IoD attack mitigating techniques. We also provide the performance evaluation methods and the performance metrics employed by the techniques. Finally, we give research future direction to help researchers identify the latest opportunities in IoD research.

Internet of things (IoT) is considered as a collection of heterogeneous devices, such as sensors, Radio-frequency identification (RFID) and actuators, which form a huge network, enabling non-internet components in the network to produce a better world of services, like smart home, smart city, smart transportation, and smart industries. On the other hand, security and privacy are the most important aspects of the IoT network, which includes authentication, authorization, data protection, network security, and access control. Additionally, traditional network security cannot be directly used in IoT networks due to its limitations on computational capabilities and storage capacities. Furthermore, authentication is the mainstay of the IoT network, as all components undergo an authentication process before establishing communication. Therefore, securing authentication is essential. In this paper, we have focused on IoT security particularly on their authentication mechanisms. Consequently, we highlighted enormous attacks and technical methods on the IoT authentication mechanism. Additionally, we discussed existing security verification techniques and evaluation schemes of IoT authentication. Furthermore, analysis against current existing protocols have been discussed in all parts and provided some recommendation. Finally, the aim of our study is to help the future researcher by providing security issues, open challenges and future scopes in IoT authentication.

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Public transportation is a vital service provided to enable a community to carry out daily activities. One of the mass transportations used in an area is a bus. Moreover, the smart transportation concept is an integrated application of technology and strategy in the transportation system. Using smart idea is the key to the application of the Internet of Things. The ways to improve the management transportation system become a bottleneck for the traditional data analytics solution, one of the answers used in machine learning. This paper uses the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for the best prediction of travel time with a lower error rate on a case study of a university shuttle bus. Apart from predicting the travel time, this study also considers the fuel cost and gas emission from transportation. The analysis of the experiment shows that the ANN outperformed the SVM. Furthermore, a recommender system is used to recommend suitable routes for the chosen scenario. The experiments extend the discussion with a range of future directions on the stipulated field of study.