Background and Objective: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are highly common and considered as the main factor leading to lost work time, increased costs, and hazards of manual labour work. Dentists are predisposed to work-related MSDs due to their job and methods of service delivery. Surveys have indicated that ergonomic design of job equipment and environment, proper posture, regular rest breaks and stretching exercises between patients can positively effect on the musculoskeletal system of dentists, reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of educational intervention on musculoskeletal disorders in dentists who work in private dental clinics in Tehran, Iran during 2016. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 84 dentists working in private dental clinics in Tehran using before-after method. The data were gathered using demographic characteristics questionnaire and standardized Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ). Educational intervention was implemented distributing educational pamphlets among all participants. Data were re-measured 2 months after educational intervention using CMDQ. Data and changes in them were tested before and after educational intervention using SPSS 22 Software, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, McNemar test, and Linear Regression test.

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ARTICLE INFOBackground and aim: Lack of proper assessment of students' knowledge regarding theoretical contents leads to disappointment and negligence by weak students. This study assessed multiple-choice questions (MCQs) of oral and maxillofacial medicine courses in the first semester of the academic year 2014-2015. Materials and methods:In this cross-sectional study, questions of theoretical oral medicine courses 1, 2, and 3 were assessed according to twelve items in Millman's checklist, including clearness of stem, negative option for stem, specific option, contrastive option, positive words in stem and options, writing structure of stem, duplicated option, the spelling of stem and options, vertically of options, positivity of stem and options, and use of "all of the above" and "none of the above" phrases in options. Difficulty and discrimination coefficients of each question and the rate of compliance with Millman's principles were evaluated using Excel 2007 and SPSS 16. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Regression analysis. Results: The responses of 219 students to 113 MCQs were evaluated. In theoretical course 1 with 40 MCQs, discrimination coefficient was 0.36±0.2, difficulty coefficient was 73.2±15.02, and correlation coefficient was 0.58. In theoretical course 2 with 35 MCQs, discrimination coefficient was 0.2±0.04, difficulty coefficient was 70.91±25.13, and correlation coefficient was 0.47. In theoretical course 3 with 38 MCQs, discrimination coefficient was 0.3±0.19, difficulty coefficient was 68.73±26.89, and correlation coefficient was 0.5. The percentage of compliance with Millman's principles was 81.88%, 83.58%, and 84.42% in courses 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion: The weakest discrimination coefficient was noted in theoretical oral medicine 2. The high percentage of simple difficulty coefficient in the three theoretical courses indicates the necessity of training faculty members in designing questions.

Background and AIM: Mouthwashes are one of methods used to reduce decay. Fluorin total mouthwash is a new mouthwash, so far no research has been done on its effect on streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: Research was done on 20 samples in two groups and 1 control sample. In this study, the diameter of growth inhibition zone for streptococcus mutans bacteria was compared between fluorin total and chlorhexidine mouthwash.the bacteria were cultivated on 21 blood agar plates.Each disc of chlorhexidine and fluorin total was placed on a plate.10 plates contain chlorhexidine disk and 10 plates contain flourin Total disk. Also antibiogram disk and a blank disk without mouthwash were put on 1 plate. The plates were placed at 37° C for 24 to 48 hours into the incubator and then the growth inhibition zone was measured and t-test was performed. Results: The growth inhibition zone in the chlorhexidine and fluorin total group was 15.4±0.5 mm and 11.4±0.5 mm, respectively, which was 4mm higher in the chlorhexidine group,which is statistically significant.(P˂0/0001) Conclusion: chlorhexidine mouthwash is more effective than Fluorin total mouthwash on streptococcus mutans.

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