The pharmaceutical industry has made great strides in providing drugs that are able to stimulate the healing process, but only 1–3% of all drugs that are listed in Western pharmacopoeias are intended for use on the skin or cutaneous wounds. Of these, at least one-third are obtained from plants. We sought to review the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on human skin lesions. For this systematic review, we searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify clinical trials that were published from 1997 to 2017. We reviewed studies that described the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of skin lesions in humans. Ten studies were selected, eight of which were published from 2007 to 2016, with a total of 503 patients. Among the plant species that were used for the treatment of human skin lesions, 12 belonged to 11 families and were included in the analysis. All of the plant species that were studied presented high therapeutic potential for the treatment of cutaneous lesions.

This systematic review investigated the evidence for the therapeutic potential of essential oils (EOs) against Leishmania amazonensis. We searched available scientific publications from 2005 to 2019 in the PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases, according to PRISMA statement. The search strategy utilized descriptors and free terms. The EOs effect of 35 species of plants identified in this systematic review study, 45.7% had half of the maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 10 < IC50 ⩽ 50 μg mL−1 and 14.3% had a 10 < IC50μg mL−1 for promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. EOs from Cymbopogon citratus species had the lowest IC50 (1.7 μg mL−1). Among the plant species analyzed for activity against intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis, 39.4% had an IC50 10 < IC50 ⩽ 50 μg mL−1, and 33.3% had an IC50 10 < IC50μg mL−1. Aloysia gratissima EO showed the lowest IC50 (0.16 μg mL−1) for intracellular amastigotes. EOs of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Copaifera martii and Carapa guianensis, administered by the oral route, were effective in reducing parasitic load and lesion volume in L. amazonensis-infected BALB/c mice. EOs of Bixa orellana and C. ambrosioides were effective when administered intraperitoneally. Most of the studies analyzed in vitro and in vivo for the risk of bias showed moderate methodological quality. These results indicate a stimulus for the development of new phytotherapy drugs for leishmaniasis treatment.

Antecedentes y objetivo: El conocimiento de la incidencia de lesión renal aguda (LRA) en pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) puede ayudar a los equipos de atención médica a llevar a cabo un plan de atención específico. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la incidencia de LRA en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19. Métodos: La búsqueda electrónica cubrió la investigación publicada hasta el 20 de junio de 2020 e incluyó cinco bases de datos, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus y Lilacs (Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud de América Latina y el Caribe). Los estudios elegibles fueron aquellos que incluyeron datos sobre la aparición de LRA en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19. El resultado primario fue la incidencia de LRA y el resultado secundario evaluado fue la mortalidad por LRA. Además, también se verificó la incidencia estimada de necesidad de terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR). Mediante un formulario estandarizado elaborado en Microsoft Excel, los datos fueron extraídos por dos autores independientes, haciendo referencia a la descripción de los estudios, las características de los pacientes y los datos clínicos sobre la ocurrencia de LRA. Resultados: En esta revisión sistemática se incluyeron 30a estudios, de los cuales 28 se incluyeron en el metanálisis. Se evaluaron los datos de 18.043 pacientes adultos con COVID-19. La incidencia estimada de LRA en general y en la UCI fue de l9,2% (4,6 - 13,9) y del 32,6% (8,5 - 56,6), respectivamente. La incidencia estimada de LRA en pacientes ancianos y pacientes con síndrome de enfermedad respiratoria aguda fue 22,9% (-4,0 - 49,7) y 4,3% (1,8 - 6,8), respectivamente. En pacientes con infección secundaria, la incidencia estimada de LRA fue del 31,6% (12,3 - 51,0). La incidencia estimada de pacientes que requirieron TRR fue del 3,2% (1,1 - 5,4) y la mortalidad estimada por LRA fue del 50,4% (17,0 - 83,9). Conclusiones: La ocurrencia de LRA es frecuente en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19 y afecta, en promedio, hasta el 13,9% de estos pacientes. Se cree que la LRA ocurre temprano y en paralelo con la lesión pulmonar.

Objective To assess the opinions and practices of intensive care professionals with regard to diarrhea in critically ill patients.Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among health care professionals working at three adult intensive care units. Participants responded individually to a self-administered questionnaire about their length of work experience in intensive care; the definition, characterization, and causes of diarrhea; types of records in the patient's medical record; and training received.Results A total of 78 professionals participated in this study, of whom 59.0% were nurse technicians, 25.7% were nurses, and 15.3% were physicians; 77.0% of them had worked in intensive care for over 1 year. Only 37.2% had received training on this topic. Half of the interviewees defined diarrhea as "liquid and/or pasty stools" regardless of frequency, while the other 50.0% defined diarrhea based on the increased number of daily bowel movements. The majority of them mentioned diet as the main cause of diarrhea, followed by "use of medications" (p<0.001). Distinct nutritional practices were observed among the analyzed professionals regarding episodes of diarrhea, such as discontinuing, maintaining, or reducing the volume of enteral nutrition; physicians reported that they do not routinely communicate the problem to other professionals (for example, to a nutritionist) and do not routinely record and quantify diarrhea events in patients' medical records.Conclusion Different opinions and practices were observed in intensive care professionals with regard to diarrhea.

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