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Background: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are mainly treated with continuous positive airway pressure. Polysomnography-guided full-night manual titration is the gold standard for continuous positive airway pressure titration, but it is cost-, time-, and effort-consuming. Alternative ways of titration are easier with less cost, time, and effort. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to establish more safe strategies is increased. Aim: To choose a rapid, efficient, simple, and safe method with less effort and cost in the measurement of a suitable level of positive airway pressure in the management of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Methods: This study enrolled 48 adult patients who had been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome at our sleep unit and were candidates for treatment with continuous positive airway pressure according to AASM 2008 after exclusion of other sleep-related breathing disorders. All patients underwent both laboratory full-night manual titration and auto-titration (by Prisma20A of WEINMANN medical technology, Germany). Manual titration pressure and P95 of auto-titration were obtained and compared with calculated pressures by five predictive formulas (Miljeteig and Hoffstein, Sériès, Stradling, Loredo, and Lee). Results: Patients included in the study were 25 females (52.1%) and 23 males (47.9%) with a mean±SD of age of 49.98±10.36 years. Mean±SD of manual pressure was 10.44±2.49 cmH 2 O, P95 was 10.16±2.64 cmH 2 O, and calculated pressures by different equations were:

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Abstract. Several studies have described p16INK4A and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) co-alterations in various solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we examined the correlation between PGE2 receptor 2 (EP2) expression and p16INK4A methylation in NSCLC, and the association with clinicopathological features and prognostic significance. We retrospectively reviewed 88 NSCLC patients who underwent resection from July 1993 to May 1997. The tumors included 43 adenocarcinomas, 39 squamous cell carcinomas, and 6 large cell carcinomas. EP2 expression was determined by immunostaining, and p16 INK4A methylation was analyzed by methylation specific PCR. EP2 was overexpressed in 44% of NSCLC patients, 61% of adenocarcinoma cases, 28% of squamous cell carcinoma cases, and 33% of large cell carcinoma cases. EP2 expression positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.034), especially in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.009). Methylation of p16INK4A was detected in 34% of NSCLC patients, 23% of adenocarcinoma cases, 44% of squamous cell carcinoma cases, and 50% of large cell carcinoma cases. In patients with squamous cell carcinoma, EP2 overexpression correlated with poor prognosis with a relative risk of 2.4 (confidence interval 2.1-51.8, P<0.003), and positively correlated with p16INK4A methylation (P<0.024). Adenocarcinoma patients with p16INK4A methylation had poor prognosis with a relative risk of 2.4 (confidence interval 1.8-69.7, P<0.009), but this was not correlated with EP2 expression. In conclusion, EP2 overexpression was common in NSCLCs, especially in adenocarcinomas. Synchronous alteration of p16 INK4A and EP2 may accelerate progression of squamous cell carcinomas. These two alterations may differentially affect pathogenesis among subtypes of NSCLC.

Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the relevant diseases of the respiratory tract, the asthma is one of the forms of respiratory allergy. The change in environment and aeroallergens are the main etiology of asthma. Allergy of asthma is thought to affect the bronchial region of the respiratory airway. Objective: The current study aimed to compare the total IgE elevation and skin prick test (SPT) positivity to evaluate the IgE and SPT ability to assess the asthmatic severity. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective case study was carried out on 3450 cases at the outpatient clinic and Chest Department at Zagazig University and did skin prick test and IgE in authorized centers were collected from 2015 -2019. The cases were already diagnosed asthmatic according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) (9) guidelines and were divided according to severity into mild, moderate, and severe according to GINA guidelines. Results: IgE has been tested for different aeroallergens and has strong significant elevation with (P< 0.001) in Alternaria, cat hair, cotton, birch, and helminths aeroallergen. Most of the cases with elevated IgE had moderate asthma severity followed by mild severity cases then severe cases. Conclusion:Comparing the results of SPT and IgE, the SPT test is more accurate, reliable, and easy in detecting the aeroallergen sensitivity.