The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of commercially available Curodont on enamel surface with white spot lesions after orthodontic treatment. A total of 14 teeth with white spot lesions in orthodontically treated subjects aged 12 to 22 years were enrolled in this clinical study. All participants recently finished their treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances in the Department of Orthodontics at the Faculty of Dentistry for girls, Al-Azhar University. Digital periapical x-ray was taken before and after three months of curodont application. Comparisons between the measures of the baseline and post treatment images were calculated to determine the radiodenisty change (mineral content change) before and after treatment. Paired t-test was used to compare between enamel mineral content change before and after treatment. Also saliva was collected to measure the change of pH of saliva after three and six months, using saliva -check buffer Testing. The results showed that there was a statistically significant increase in enamel mineral content after treatment. The mean±standard deviation values of percentage increase were 25.7±16.1%. Conclusion: Curodont proved to be an effective remineralizing agent for treatment of enamel WSLs that occurred after orthodontic treatment.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of memory palatal split screw (Memorax) to that of conventional Hyrax rapid palatal expanders on nasal and pharyngeal airway volumes, which were measured and recorded by Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted over 14 subjects of adolescent patients with bilaterally constricted maxillary arches, the sample contained 12 females and 2 males, with age ranged from 12ys to 15ys, with a mean of 13.6 ± 1.4. The sample was divided into two age matched groups, the Memorax group (N=7) subjects with a mean age of 13.5 ± 0.4, received the memory palatal split screw appliance (Memorax). The Hyrax group (N=7) subjects with a mean of 13.4 ± 1 were received the conventional Hyrax palatal expander. For all subjects taking part in the study, maxillofacial CBCTs and NOSE questionnaire records were taken before expansion (T 1 ) and after 3 months at the time of removal of the expanders (T 2 ). Data were explored for normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of normality. Paired t test was used to compare mean values of before and after treatment. Independent (unpaired) test was used to compare between the two groups. Results: Memorax showed a significant increase in nasal airway volume as well as naso-, palato-and total pharyngeal airway volume. While Hyrax showed a non-significant decrease in the palatopharyngeal airway volume. Both groups showed a non-significant difference in the glossopharyngeal airway volume as well as in the NOSE questionnaire results. Conclusion: Memorax could be used in patients suffered from symptomatic nasal obstruction due to bilateral maxillary constriction, in order to improve their breathing as a primary purpose as well as treating malocclusion. It also may be advantageous because it shortens the maxillary expansion period, provides additional expansion in the retention period and generates light forces relative to the conventional Hyrax screw.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of corticotomy and miniplates' usage as skeletal anchorage for maxillary molars' intrusion during correction of skeletal anterior open bite (SAOB). Patients, materials and methods: A sample of 22 patients with an age range from 14 to 22 years, suffering from skeletal anterior open bite with increased posterior maxillary vertical height. The participants were randomly divided into two groups according to the corticotomy approach. Group I: both buccal and palatal corticotomies were performed. Group II: only buccal corticotomy was performed. Buccal miniplates and palatal mini-screws were used as skeletal anchorage for maxillary molars' intrusion assisted by corticotomy. The measurements, including maxillary dento-alveolar heights (mm), bucal crestal alveolar bone heights (mm), bucco-palatal angulations (B-P˚) and mesio-distal angulations (M-D˚) of right and left maxillary first permanent molars, 4.5 months after intrusion commencement. Results: The dento-alveolar height as well as the buccal crestal alveolar height decreased significantly after intrusion in both groups (p≤0.001 and p≤0.05, respectively), but without significant differences between them. Similarly, the M-D and B-P angulations increased significantly after intrusion in both groups (p≤0.01 and p≤0.001, respectively), with no significant differences between both groups. Conclusions: The current corticotomy approaches and temporary anchorage devices (TADs) were similarly effective for maxillary molar intrusion in cases of (SAOB), but complete correction of SAOB was not achieved. Both the posterior maxillary dento-alveolar and buccal crestal alveolar bone heights diminished similarly in both corticotomy methods. Neither mesio-distal nor bucco-palatal angulations of maxillary first permanent molar crown revealed major changes in matching both approaches of intrusion.

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the smile characteristics in different dentoalveolar malocclusion cases, by standardized photographic analysis. Subjects and methods: A sample of 132 subjects with age range from 18 to 24 years. The study groups were designed according to Angles Classification in to 4 groups. Standardized extraoral photographs at rest position, social smile, maximum smile and profile were taken for each subject. Smile analysis was done by identifying certain measurements digitally via software. Results: The upper and lower lip length showed significant change. The mouth width increased during smiling significantly. The smile area showed no significant different in social smile between all groups. The buccal corridors area showed significant increase. The incisal show had significant difference among all groups in social smile. The smile arch depth showed no significant difference in social smile among all groups. The gingival exposure significantly increased during maximum smile. Conclusions: Control group showed moderate smile Class I with bimaxillary protrusion, spacing and openbite subgroups showed high smile. Class I with crowding and deepbite subgroups showed low smile. Class II Division 1 group showed high smile while Division 2 showed moderate smile. Class III group showed low smile.

Objective: This study was to evaluate the activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase enzyme in different tooth malpositions in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Patients, materials and methods: A sample of 18 patients with an age range from 13 to 19years, requiring orthodontic treatment. The study groups were designed into two groups. Group I: well aligned teeth (control group). Group II: malposed teeth. Group II was subsequently divided into 3 sub-groups; Rotation, Spacing and Vertical malposition. Samples were collected for assessment of lactate dehydrogenase level in GCF at baseline, one week, two and four weeks after treatment. Lactate dehydrogenase was measured in GCF using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Results: In both groups (group I and group II subgroups) the gingival crevicular fluid lactate dehydrogenase enzyme had a steady increase during orthodontic tooth movement with a statistically significant increase at one week and two weeks compared with the base line (P≤0.05). No statistical significant difference was found between each two subgroups of group II (P≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The level of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme in gingival crevicular fluid could be used as a biomarker for periodontal metabolism related to orthodontic tooth movement. The level of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH) did not show significant difference among different tooth malpositions during correction by orthodontic treatment. INTRODUCTIONTooth movement by orthodontic treatment is characterized by remodeling changes in the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingiva. A reflection of this phenomenon can be found in the gingival Codex : 32/1707 dentaljournal.forgirls@yahoo.com KEYWORDS