Background: Nurses are the corner stone of the health care systems and their satisfaction is a must. Emotional intelligence of head nurses may help in increasing staff nurses job satisfaction. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between Head Nurses' perception of their emotional intelligence and Staff Nurses' job satisfaction. Setting: The study was carried out at Om El Masryeen general hospital, in Giza Subjects: All available Head Nurses at the time of data collection were included in the study (N=30). Also, all available staff nurses at the time of data collection were included in the study (N=113). Design: Descriptive correlational research design was utilized to carry this study. Data collection tools: Tool 1: Emotional Intelligence Self-Assessment questionnaire. Tool 2: The Index of Work Satisfaction Questionnaire. Results: Half of head nurses had moderate level of perception regarding their emotional intelligence and more than half of staff nurses who had moderate level of job satisfaction. Conclusion: A statistically significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. Recommendations: The study recommended that design training programs for head nurses to improve their emotional intelligence competencies. Further studies to investigate the effect of strategies to improve emotional intelligence of head nurses.

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Background The purpose was to assess radiation dose, image quality, and diagnostic performance of reduced-dose scanning with iterative reconstruction (IR) compared with standard-dose with filtered back projection (FBP) with CT urography for detection of bladder tumor. This study was prospectively conducted on 21 patients with bladder masses. All patients were subjected to two scanning protocols: protocol A (standard dose with FBP) and protocol B (additional limited scan to the pelvis at delayed phase with low dose with IR). Based on body weight (< or > 80 kg), each protocol was subdivided into 2 protocols A1 (130 kVp) and A2 (130 kVp) and protocols B1 (80 kVp) and B2 (110 kVp). Radiation dose was assessed in terms of mean CT dose index (CTDI), Dose-length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED). Image quality and diagnostic accuracy were compared in both groups. Results Mean CTDI, DLP and ED were reduced by average 72.3 % in the 80 kVp protocol (B1) and by 36.3% in 110 kVp (B2) protocol compared to standard-dose protocols. There were significantly lower SNR (signal to noise ratio) between protocol A1 and B1 at aorta and psoas muscles. Subjective image quality analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the protocol A2 and B2 whereas there were significant differences between protocol A1and B1 as regards to visual image noise and overall image quality. Diagnostic accuracy was identical among different protocols. Conclusion CT urography with IR scanning showed reduced radiation dose and no difference in detection of urothelial carcinomas from standard dose with FBP despite of degraded image quality in 80 kVp scanning.

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