Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic, Saudi Arabia instructed all institutions to deliver online educational activities. Distance e-learning emerged as an alternative to traditional education. E-learning involves long hours of sitting which can lead to postural problems and a series of health issues, including low back pain among medical students. This study is aimed to identify the correlation between low back pain and prolonged sitting during e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic among medical students in Prince Sattam Ibn Abdulaziz University at Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey study that was conducted in the medical college at Al-Kharj, Saudi. The self administered structured online questionnaire consisted of 25 questions. The survey consisted of four parts including a consent page, demographic data, history of low back pain and patterns and attitude of participant’s towards devices and positioning during the process. Results: A total of 188 participants were enrolled in the study showing that 39.7% of medical students at the university experienced low back pain during the e-learning period. The duration of pain was less than 30 minutes in 52% of the participants. The pain aggravated with prolonged sitting in 74.7% of the students and was relieved by rest in 8 % . We observed that 86.8% of the sample did not stretch in between lectures. However, correlation studies between low back pain, body mass index and exercise were non-significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of LBP during e-learning among medical students was 39.7%. However, there was no significant risk factors that affected the occurrence of low back pain. This research should be expanded to other Saudi medical schools to get a broader assessment.

Hyperkyphosis is identified when kyphosis angle exceeds the normal ranges. In overall, hyperkyphosis upsurges with age, particularly after the age of 40. It arises as a consequence of multifactorial causes and is associated with increased health susceptibility. Separately from the penalties of typical aging, as declining muscle power and degenerative vicissitudes of the spine, additional influences lead to the growth of the kyphosis angle. Besides fractures, other adverse health outcomes associated with hyperkyphosis include worsening physical function, falls and earlier mortality. Given the growing older population and the high prevalence of age-related hyperkyphosis, better delineation of associated ill-health outcomes will help inform the development and testing of effective kyphosis managements. The sequence of handling with kyphosis start conventional and rolling to surgical interference as a previous option if the patient’s symptoms do not recover with conventional treatment or if the curving is too significant.

Background Complete atrioventricular canal is a congenital heart defect that is characterized by an atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and a common atrioventricular valve. Standard surgical techniques for repairing complete atrioventricular canal defect mainly includes repairing the defect with a single patch, a double patch, or with the modified single patch technique. Case presentation This paper presents a novel surgical repair technique of an unusual anatomical presentation for a complete atrioventricular canal defect in a patient with Down syndrome. Conclusions Unusual anatomical variant for congenital heart defects occurs frequently, which gives surgeons real opportunities to innovate surgical approaches. This patient was an example of an unusual anatomical presentation for complete atrioventricular canal, and the surgical technique used for this patient was novel. Follow up for these patients is mandatory for long term results.

Background: Self-medication is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms [4]. Use of traditional eye medicines or ophthalmic medicines without the supervision of an ophthalmologist may have adverse effects on the patient’s visual outcome. It is well known that this attitude and practice carries pharmacological and toxicological risks, such as a delayed diagnosis or inappropriate treatment, causing side-effects, intoxication or harmful drug interactions, which can aggravate the individual’s condition and eventually negatively impact the patient’s visual prognosis [5]. Materials and methods: The study was a cross-sectional study. All data was collected using an online self-designed questionnaire that contained demographic data, such as the patient’s age, gender and level of education. There were also questions regarding the knowledge, attitude and practice of using over-the-counter (OTC) eye medication and TEM use among the Saudi population living in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Result: The study sample included 894 respondents. Results showed that in the past 12 months, only 6.82% of respondents used eye medications without visiting an ophthalmologist. The most common self-prescribed medications were anti-allergic and antibiotics. The results revealed that 148 respondents had previously used TEMs (16.4%). The majority of respondents (86.6%) preferred medications over TEM to treat eye diseases. Key words: self-medication, traditional eye medication, Saudi Arabia, ophthalmology, eye

Usually, malignant high blood pressure and severe renal damage are main characters in SSc. SRCs is a relatively rare condition, found in approximately 5% of all SSc patients. This study was carried out to summarize the contemporary evidence regarding the causes, risk factors, manifestations, management and prognosis of Sclerodermal Renal Crisis‎.‎ a simple review was carried out, searching databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO. The authors extracted the needed data and stated that SRCs continues to be a rare diagnosis affecting up to six percent of SSc patients, but has a high morbidity and death influence. SRCs presentation is varied, with hypertension, normal BP and renal insufficiency. Medics should be minded by potential SRCs presentations. Early detection and initiation of aggressive ACEi antihypertensive medication in ED could enhance patient outcomes and around 60% of SRCs patients need dialysis.