Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to develop a value-based framework for the consumer e-trust building process. Design/methodology/approach -The data collection procedure consisted of two steps. The first was a brief questionnaire measuring potential informants' personal values. From this pool of potential informants, 30 were recruited for the interviews: five security-and five excitement-minded consumers from three fields of electronic commerce; electronic newspapers, electronic grocery shopping, and electronic healthcare services. Findings -The findings of the study reveal two value-based external factors in e-trust building that consumers perceive as risks in e-commerce, and three value-based behavioral patterns in e-trust building that informants adopt to reduce perceived risks and build trust in e-commerce. Furthermore, findings of the current study suggest that e-trust building process is different based on individuals' personal values. Research limitations/implications -This study takes into account only two consumers' personal values, security and excitement, and ignores others. However, it identifies the role of the consumers' personal values in e-trust building, and thus opens new perspectives for further e-trust research. The study also identifies different strategies that consumers can use to build trust in e-commerce. Originality/value -This study opens new perspectives in e-trust research by exploring the role of consumers' personal values in e-trust building process. The study also provides new insights for other researchers to develop understanding on mechanisms that consumers use to build e-trust.

Women's underrepresentation in the fields of science and technology is strong; both in software houses and academic posts. We focus on the academic field by gender sensitive analysis of computer science academics. The general picture given by statistics' meta-analyses illustrates male dominance even in Finland, which is often presented as a country which values gender equality high. For achieving deeper understanding about the process of gender bias reproduction, we focus on one university and its selection of computer science professors. Although every professorship fulfilling is a situated process, they all together shape a homogeneous male-dominant picture. This paper continues on early gender-focused discussion of Studies in Higher Education by presenting an organisational point of view.

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Background: Co-design with multiple tools is useful when end users’ knowledge is important, especially when designers work with people unfamiliar with design. Many studies have highlighted the importance of nurses’ participation in design, and such participation requires the development of techniques and tools to facilitate collaboration. This article analyzes how nurses participated in designing a general intensive care unit in a walk-in virtual environment (VE) and examines how their work-related knowledge can be transferred to the design process of spaces. Method: In this action research study, the design process was conducted by using virtual mock-ups, which were evaluated by multi-occupational groups in a walk-in VE. Nurses were the largest occupational group. Their work processes were under modification, since existing multi-patient rooms were being redesigned as single-patient rooms. The design of single-patient rooms was performed in three iterative cycles in the walk-in VE. Results: The nurses could specify their requirements in the walk-in VE, and their suggestions were incorporated into the architectural design process. The nurses were satisfied with their role in the design process. Conclusion: Co-design with virtual mock-ups in walk-in VE is appropriate when designing new healthcare facilities and when the opinions of workers are important. Virtual mock-ups in walk-in VE can be used collaboratively, facilitating simultaneous feedback from multiple users. Virtual reality (VR) technology has evolved, and changes can be made rapidly and at a lower cost. Another advantage of VR is that it allows one to design larger spaces, thus providing larger layouts of facilities for evaluation.