Festival is a special event which is a public themed celebration based on specific themes. Festival Tourism plays an important role in the current tourism activities. The ancient Egyptians celebrated various festivals throughout the year, some of which were related to the king, others to the Nile and agricultural life, while the majority was related to their gods. The purpose of most of these festivals was to allow the people to behold their gods with their own eyes. This paper aims at investigating some of these festivals in regards to the possibility of revitalizing them as a means of tourists' attraction.To serve the purpose of the study questionnaires were distributed among travel agencies, tourists' authority and tourists. The study revealed that there is a will to organize them from tourists' authority, and a will from travel agencies to involve them in tourists programs. The study ends with suggestions and a special agenda of these festivals throughout the year.

Representations of a goddess suckling a king occur in Egyptian art as early as the Old Kingdom, and they continue throughout Egyptian history. They are concerned with an event which was preserved in scenes as well as in statuary. These representations seem to symbolize the nurturing relationship of mother and child. Also, they might symbolize the ruler's rebirth in the Afterlife. This paper will provide an overview of historical literature in ancient Egypt that presents breastfeeding as a constitutive substance of kingship relatedness where it shows royals nursing at the breasts of goddesses conferring upon them divine status and bolstering their royal legitimacy. The paper will start by a general introduction of breastfeeding in ancient Egypt and words in ancient Egyptian language related to suckling and nursing, followed by examples of representations of goddesses suckling a pharaoh in Ancient Egypt arranged in a chronological order. The study aims at analyzing and understanding these representations, identifying the most important goddesses which appeared in this context, it also sheds light upon the religious significance and occasions of these representations.

According to Ancient Egyptian myths, in Heliopolitan theology, it was in Heliopolis that the god Atum created the world, and the ancient group of the nine gods known as the Ennead were worshipped there. Heliopolis was the main cult center of the sun god Ra who took the leader role in the Ennead of Heliopolis as early as the 5 th dynasty. In Heliopolis the cult of stone symbols and sacred animals was known as the bnbn, iwn pillar, the bnw, Mnevis bull and mongoose. Another important symbol of Heliopolis was a sacred Persea tree called iSd. The iSd tree supplemented the cult of stone symbols and sacred animals and became a very important sacred symbol that exceeded the borders of Heliopolis to become a central subject which contained the keys to divine order. The tree appeared in coronation scenes and scenes related to the Hb-festival, in the Book of the dead, besides its importance as a fruit, leaves and flowers. This paper aims at investigating the importance of the iSd tree and its appearance in scenes and texts. This paper begins with an introduction of the importance of the city of Heliopolis and the origin of the iSd tree, then focuses on the practical use of the tree, as well as its religious and spiritual importance. The study ends with a main conclusion.

The myth of Osiris was an important myth in Ancient Egypt since antiquity, this is proved by its presence in the Pyramid Texts. According to the myth, Seth dismembered his brother Osiris into fourteen parts, that were buried later at fourteen different Egyptian sites in Upper and Lower Egypt. Most of these burial places became cult centers for the god. Two specific centers were more important and received actual and symbolic visits, namely AbDw, capital of the 8 th Nome of upper Egypt, where Osiris' head was thought to be buried and Ddw, capital of the 9 th Nome of lower Egypt, where Osiris' vertebral column was thought to be buried. These two cult centers were mentioned in religious books, they had fixed annual festivals and were linked to god Osiris' epithets and titles. The research aims at analyzing these two cult centers, their historical background before and during being a cult center of the god Osiris. The paper also aims at comparing between the two cult centers in regards to festivals and ceremonies, their existence in religious contexts and the timing when they flourished. The paper ends with a main conclusion.

In ancient Egypt, food crises occurred due to several reasons as bad harvests, climate change, wars, economic and diplomatic reasons. The inundation level of the Nile River was irregular, sometimes low and other times high that is why food crises happened frequently. Food crises were ranging from food shortages to great famines. Some archeologists relate the collapse of the Old Kingdom to food crisis as a result of climate change. The idea of food crises management reflects the efforts of ancient Egyptians and the Ptolemies in protecting land from the Nile's flood and sustaining agricultural activities by building dams, canals, storing and distributing food. Food crisis was recorded clearly in the autobiographical inscriptions of the rulers of the 1st Intermediate Period. In the Ptolemaic Period many food crises were recorded as well, the most famous of which was during the reign of Ptolemy III which was recorded on the Canopus Decree and that of Ptolemy V on the Rosetta Stone. This paper aims at displaying a historical background of food crises from early Pharaonic period till late Ptolemaic period, shedding light on management tools to overcome the crisis. The study also conducts an analytical study of the Pharaonic and Ptolemaic periods in regards to food crisis reasons and management. The research revealed some similarities as well as some differences between the two periods.