After being observed as a whole, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park has a high diversity of Ferns. This research aims to describe ferns in the Ciwalen Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, so it is hopefully could describe the diversity of ferns in that path. The Inventory of ferns is done by using exploration method with random sampling technique which then identified with General Key to Malayan Fern referral. The results of this research showed that there are ten types of ferns that have been founded in the Ciwalen Gunung Gede Panggrango National Park, such as Sphaerostephanos sp., Asplenium truncata, Nephrolepis davallioides, Botrychium daucifolium, Selaginella opaca, Huperzia phlegmaria, Equisetum ramosissimum, Didymochlaena truncatula, Hymenophyllum sp., and Diplazium poliferum. Features any distinctive Ferns can be seen from the form such as rhizome, type of frond, an accessory, the sorus, habitats that were found and others.

To achieve a successful course of communication, one must master pragmatics, the study of context. To be able to have a proficient pragmatic competence, as one of macrolinguistics’ fields, getting acquainted with the target language’s cultural background is a must for foreign language learners. In a situation where someone is offered something, Indonesia has its own culture where the polite way to respond is to not directly accept or refuse the offer. This is actually considered as using implicature, one of the subfields of pragmatics. According to Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2019), implicature can be defined as the act of implying meaning by saying something else. The aim of using implicature is to mislead a response without lying while also maintaining a good social interaction. The objective of this study is to identify if EFL learners are capable of comprehending and producing implicature, one of pragmatics subfields or not. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected through assigning questionnaires and doing interviews on Brawijaya University students. The result of the study shows how most students are able to comprehend and produce implicature in English. The type of implicature they used was conversational implicature, one of the principal subjects of pragmatics.

Hutan mangrove merupakan ekosistem utama pendukung aktivitas kehidupan di wilayah pantai dan memegang peranan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan siklus biologis di lingkungannya. Hutan mangrove mempunyai nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk melestarikan ekowisata Hutan Mangrove Kuala Langsa dan mengetahui tingkat pendapatan masyarakat sekitar Hutan Mangrove Kuala Langsa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey dimana pengambilan data primer dengan wawancara, Observasi, dan Dokumentasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Hutan Mangrove Kuala Langsa sangat berdampak positif terhadap Masyarakat disekitar Kuala langsa karena dapat menambah tingkat pendapatan dan untuk mempertahankan tingkat kelestarian hutan mangrove dapat dilakukan berbagai upaya untuk pelestarian Hutan Mangrove Kuala Langsa.

Mangrove merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak ditemukan didaerah pantai dan sekitar muara sungai. Mangrove merupakan salah satu ekosistem yang ada di perairan. Mangrove memiliki produktivitas tinggi dibandingkan dengan ekosistem lain sehingga menjadikannya mata rantai ekologis yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan makhluk hidup yang berada di perairan sekitarnya.  Primata adalah salah satu ordo dari kelas mamalia yang memiliki lebih dari 350 spesies di dunia. Kehadiran primata semakin berkurang akibat kondisi habitat yang mengalami penyusutan di kawasan aslinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah populasi dan pola perilaku harian monyet ekor panjang ( Macaca fascicularis) di hutan mangrove kuala langsa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode focal animal sampling dengan teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi lapangan dan analisis data menggunakan persentase frekuensi perilaku harian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa jumlah populasi monyet ekor panjang (macaca fascicularis) berjumlah 165 ekor dengan kategori anakan sejumlah 53 ekor, remaja sejumlah 54 ekor, dewasa sejumlah 58 ekor dan pola perilaku harian yang peling sering dilakukan oleh monyet ekor panjang adalah perilaku bergerak, dan perilaku yang paling sedikit dilakukan adalah perilaku kawin.

In the event of world pandemic of COVID-19, emergency remote learning settings have become normalized in Indonesia and it has affected students’ motivation in learning. Educators around the world have found a way to enhance students’ motivation through gamification. Therefore this study aims to improve students’ motivation in learning English  through gamification in online learning settings. This study was conducted at a Private Junior High School with 36 eighth graders. The method used in this study is Classroom Action Research (CAR). After conducting two cycles in the implementation phase, the result, supported by the questionnaire, interview, and observation data, shows how gamification is able to improve students’ motivation. In collecting the data, qualitative and quantitative method were used. The questionnaire as the quantitative data, consist of subdimensions of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. As for the qualitative method, to identify the students’ problem, observation and an end-of-cycle interview were conducted. Through two cycles, the implemented action was able to improve students’ motivation in English class and enlighten the ambience of the class. Although students’ response to gamification was highly favorable, the findings also suggest a new issue. Some students have developed a speech anxiety by learning online due to fear of making mistakes and a feeling of embarrassment. The current study has been able to shed lights on the benefits of gamification in a teaching and learning process of English Language Teaching (ELT).