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MXenes are a family of two-dimensional multifunctional materials in a rapid development phase since their discovery in 2011. MXenes possess excellent features like high conductivity and surface area, improved mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and ability to tune the surface properties with modifying functional groups. These features make MXenes suitable candidates for a wide range of applications, including biomedical and energy storage. This review is focused on various types of MXenes which are recently reported for sensor applications. The current scenario regarding fabrication and properties of MXenes are initially described, followed by a discussion of their applications as piezoresistive and biochemical sensors. This involves mechanical strain detection and detection of biomolecules, biomarkers, and drug molecules relevant to biomedical applications. Finally, the future perspectives are briefly discussed, which will help the researchers identify the limitations for the current scenario and develop new strategies that focus on developing novel, efficient and sensitive MXene based sensors.

Silver vanadate nanorods (β-AgVO3) with silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) decorated on the surface of the rods were synthesized by using simple hydrothermal technique and later anchored onto nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) to make a novel nanocomposite. Experimental analyses were carried out to identify the electronic configuration by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, which revealed monoclinic patterns of the C12/m1 space group with Wulff construction forming beta silver vanadate (β-AgVO3) crystals with optical density and phase transformations. Ag nucleation showed consistent results with metallic formation and electronic changes occurring in [AgO5] and [AgO3] clusters. Transmission electron microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy with elemental mapping and EDX analysis of the morphology reveals the nanorod structure for β-AgVO3 with AgNPs on the surface and sheets for N-rGO. Additionally, a novel electrochemical sensor is constructed by using Ag/AgVO3/N-rGO on screen-printed carbon paste electrodes for the detection of antiviral drug levofloxacin (LEV) which is used as a primary antibiotic in controlling COVID-19. Using differential pulse voltammetry, LEV is determined with a low detection limit of 0.00792 nm for a linear range of 0.09–671 μM with an ultrahigh sensitivity of 152.19 μA μM–1 cm–2. Furthermore, modified electrode performance is tested by real-time monitoring using biological and river samples.

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