Objectives To determine if prehospital statin use is associated with a lower risk of sepsis, ALI/ARDS, and mortality in critically ill patients. We also investigated the effect of combined prehospital use of both statins and aspirin. Design Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort Patients 575 critically ill patients admitted to the medical or surgical ICU of an academic tertiary-care hospital Measurements and Main Results Of 575 patients, 149 (26%) were on statin therapy prior to hospitalization. A multivariable analysis including age, gender, current tobacco use, prehospital aspirin use, race, and APACHE II score revealed that patients on statin therapy prior to hospitalization were less likely to have or develop severe sepsis (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.96) or ALI/ARDS (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.99) during the first four ICU days. In-hospital mortality for patients with and without prehospital statin use (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.83) was similar. Patients who had prehospital use of both statins and aspirin had the lowest rates of severe sepsis, ALI/ARDS and mortality. Conclusions Prehospital use of statins may be protective against the sepsis and ALI. This effect may be potentiated by prehospital aspirin use.