Выяснение новых аспектов патогенеза рассеянного склероза (РС), связанных с длительными и стойкими изменениями таксономического состава кишечной микробиоты и ее метаболических свойств, открывает принципиально иные пути к лечению, что особенно важно для детского контингента, у которого не завершено формирование нервной системы и имеется большой регенеративный потенциал. Подавлять воспаление, способствовать ремиелинизации и нейрорегенерации могут витамины группы B, в синтез которых вовлечена кишечная микробиота. Мы предположили, что у детей с РС сокращается численность бактериальных видов-продуцентов витаминов группы В, способствуя поддержанию дефицитного состояния и ранней манифестации заболевания, а своевременное восполнение дефицита может представлять стратегию лечения на ранней стадии заболевания. Цель работы -сравнить состав микробиоты кишечника (МК) у пациентов с манифестацией РС в разном возрасте и проанализировать зависимость численности бактериальных генов, вовлекаемых в пути синтеза и метаболизма витаминов группы В от состава МК.Методы. Состав кишечной микробиоты в когорте пациентов с РС определяли методом секвенирования гена 16S рРНК на платформе Illumina с последующим биоинформационным анализом и привлечением ресурса KEGG (www.kegg.jp).Результаты. Для детей в дебюте РС было характерно увеличение численности филумов Actinobacteria и Verrucomicrobia, на уровне семейств отмечалось сокращение численности Veillonellaceae и Lachnospiraceae, возрастание -Streptococcaceae и Verrucomicrobiaceae. Анализ путей бактериального метаболизма витаминов группы В показал уменьшение у детей с РС численности бактериальных генов, участвующих в образовании пула одноуглеродных фрагментов, что может быть связано с выявленными изменениями доли A. muciniphila и c Betaproteobacteria. Повышение численности A. muciniphila при сокращении Lachnospiraceae и Veillonellaceae могло вносить вклад в уменьшение численности генов, вовлекаемых в синтез витамина В12, а сокращение численности филума Bacteroidetes и семейств Veillonellaceae и Lachnospiraceae (филум Firmicutes) -в пути метаболизма витамина В6. Выявлено также уменьшение числа генов, вовлекаемых в синтез активной формы витамина В2 -FAD, и ослабление осуществляемого бактериями метаболизма витамина В3 и его активной формы -NAD. Таким образом, изменения структуры кишечного микробиома у детей в дебюте заболевания приводят к изменению бактериального пула витаминов группы В, что может быть причиной системного дефицита этих витаминов, приводящего к манифестации РС.
Hypoxia occurs in situations of disbalancebetween metabolic needs and the supply of oxygen to organs and tissues of the body. In this regard, tissue hypoxia and ischemia are essential components of the pathogenesis of many diseases. One of the promising areas of research into the mechanisms of ischemia is attempting to weaken the negative effect of hypoxia and ischemia in the brain by using a variety of techniques that activate neuroprotective mechanisms. Here, we aimed to assess the dynamics of restoration of motor activity control in an experimental model of ischemic stroke in rats (cerebral ischemia -CI) after intranasal perineural implantation of mesenchymal stem cells into the receptive eld of the olfactory nerve.It was found that the perineural administration of MSCs to rats in the acute period of cerebral ischemia was accompanied by clear signs of recovery of cognitive and motor functions within 1 and 3 days after the operation. On the seventh day after ischemia modeling, rats with the introduction of MSCs had no distinctive features in the control of motor activity compared to the period before the operation in the same rats. In the hippocampus of rats after modeling ischemia, a signi cant decrease in the content of NO by about 50% relative to the initial level is observed after one day. In the hippocampus of rats in which ischemia was modelled with simultaneous intranasal administration of MSC, a signi cant decrease in NO content by 39% relative to the initial level was also observed after one day. The content of NO increases slightly, but the difference in the level of NO relative to ischemic rats was not signi cant. The copper content in the hippocampus in the rats of these two groups did not change. There was a tendency to increase the e ciency of the antioxidant system 1 day after ischemia in both studied groups, and this effect was more pronounced with intranasal administration of MSC.
Hypoxia occurs in situations of disbalancebetween metabolic needs and the supply of oxygen to organs and tissues of the body. In this regard, tissue hypoxia and ischemia are essential components of the pathogenesis of many diseases. One of the promising areas of research into the mechanisms of ischemia is attempting to weaken the negative effect of hypoxia and ischemia in the brain by using a variety of techniques that activate neuroprotective mechanisms. Here, we aimed to assess the dynamics of restoration of motor activity control in an experimental model of ischemic stroke in rats (cerebral ischemia – CI) after intranasal perineural implantation of mesenchymal stem cells into the receptive field of the olfactory nerve. It was found that the perineural administration of MSCs to rats in the acute period of cerebral ischemia was accompanied by clear signs of recovery of cognitive and motor functions within 1 and 3 days after the operation. On the seventh day after ischemia modeling, rats with the introduction of MSCs had no distinctive features in the control of motor activity compared to the period before the operation in the same rats. In the hippocampus of rats after modeling ischemia, a significant decrease in the content of NO by about 50% relative to the initial level is observed after one day. In the hippocampus of rats in which ischemia was modelled with simultaneous intranasal administration of MSC, a significant decrease in NO content by 39% relative to the initial level was also observed after one day. The content of NO increases slightly, but the difference in the level of NO relative to ischemic rats was not significant. The copper content in the hippocampus in the rats of these two groups did not change. There was a tendency to increase the efficiency of the antioxidant system 1 day after ischemia in both studied groups, and this effect was more pronounced with intranasal administration of MSC.
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