Dispersing micronized fat crystals (MFCs) in oil is a novel route to largely decouple fat crystallisation and network formation and thus to simplify the manufacture of fat-continuous food products. MFCs dispersed in oil form a weak-interaction network organized by crystal aggregates in a continuous net of crystalline nanoplatelets. The rough surface of MFC nanoplatelets hampers stacking into one-dimensional aggregates, which explains the high mass fractal dimensions of the networks formed in MFC dispersions. Applying shear does not have a significant effect on the fractal dimensions of MFC networks, and MFC aggregates in the range of 5-10 μm remain intact. However, shear leads to a significant loss of storage modulus and yield stress over a time frame of an hour. This can be attributed to irreversible disruption of the continuous net of nanoplatelets. Rheo-SAXS revealed that shear releases nanoplatelets from the continuous net, which subsequently align in the shear field and undergo rapid recrystallisation. The release of thin and metastable nanoplatelets from the weak-link network bears relevance for simplified and more effective manufacturing of emulsified food products by effectively decoupling crystallisation, network formation and emulsification.

The ability of human monoclonal IgG 1 to accelerate the clearance of rhesus-positive erythrocytes in rhesus-negative volunteers does not correlate with their immunosuppressive effect. Monoclonal antibodies G-17 weakly accelerated the clearance, but decreased the incidence of sensitization, while G-7 and G-12 antobodies eliminated 80-100% erythrocytes for 7 days, and used in combination, these antibodies eliminated all erythrocytes within 3 days. G-7 antibodies stimulated immune response in all doses, while G-12 antibodies stimulated antirhesus response in a dose of 600 pg and notably decreased it in a dose of 1200-1800 ~tg.Key Words: rhesus sensitization; monoclonal anti-rhesus antibodies," erythrocyte clearance," flow cytometryInjections of anti-rhesus immunoglobulin to a rhesusnegative (Rh) woman within 3 days after delivery of a rhesus-positive (Rh +) child 5-10-fold decreases the probability of rhesus sensitization and newborn hemolytic disease in subsequent pregnancies [3,8]. The mechanism of prevention of immunization with passive anti-Rh antibodies is unclear. It is believed that the preventive effect depends on the rate of elimination of Rh + erythrocytes (ER) from the circulation and their destruction in the spleen. Experimental findings indicate that immune response can be effectively suppressed only when the dose of anti-Rh immunoglobulin is sufficient for ER clearance within 5-8 days [5]. Anti-Rh are virtually unavailable, and we investigated the possibility of using monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and established criteria for their evaluation,

Performing rheo-microMRI velocimetry at a high magnetic field with strong pulsed field gradients has clear advantages in terms of (chemical) sensitivity and resolution in velocities, time, and space. To benefit from these advantages, some artifacts need to be minimized. Significant sources of such artifacts are chemical shift dispersion due to the high magnetic field, eddy currents caused by the pulsed magnetic field gradients, and possible mechanical instabilities in concentric cylinder (CC) rheo-cells. These, in particular, hamper quantitative assessment of spatially resolved velocity profiles needed to construct local flow curves (LFCs) in CC geometries with millimeter gap sizes. A major improvement was achieved by chemical shift selective suppression of signals that are spectroscopically different from the signal of interest. By also accounting for imperfections in pulsed field gradients, LFCs were obtained that were virtually free of artifacts. The approach to obtain quantitative LFCs in millimeter gap CC rheo-MRI cells was validated for Newtonian and simple yield stress fluids, which both showed quantitative agreement between local and global flow curves. No systematic effects of gap size and rotational velocity on the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid and yield stress of a complex fluid could be observed. The acquisition of LFCs during heterogeneous and transient flow of fat crystal dispersion demonstrated that local constitutive laws can be assessed by rheo-microMRI at a high magnetic field in a noninvasive, quantitative, and real-time manner.

The techniques that are currently available to assess fat crystal networks are compromised with respect to invasive sample preparation and ability to quantify compositional and structural features. Raman confocal hyperspectral imaging coupled to analysis with multivariate curve resolution can address these bottlenecks, as it provides label‐free, noninvasive chemical information in three dimensions (3D). We demonstrate the ability to acquire compositional maps of dispersions of micronized fat crystals (MFC) in oil, which contain local concentrations of liquid oil and solid fat with submicron spatial resolution and with acquisition times in the order of 10 min. From the compositional maps, we can derive quantitative information on the size and porosity of fat crystal flocs, as well as the solid fat content of the embedding continuous phase. Furthermore, the fractal dimension of the fat crystal network could be determined from the compositional maps via the box‐counting method and via the porosities of the crystal flocs. This makes it feasible to assess the validity of the weak‐link network theory under industrial relevant conditions. The confocal imaging mode allows for straightforward acquisition of 3D compositional cubes by recording a stack of two‐dimensional (2D) images. The box‐counting fractal dimension analysis performed on 2D maps can be extended to 3D cubes, which allows for straightforward verification that MFC networks are self‐similar rather than self‐affine.