Background: Although recent studies have shown that multimodal intervention has positive effects on cognition, little is known about how frequent intervention should be held to keep their cognition for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the participation rate in a multimodal day-care program and longitudinal cognitive outcome in MCI patients. Methods: Sixty-three patients with MCI (28 female), aged 54-83 years (70.7 6 6.6 years) participated in this study. They attended a multimodal program (exercise, art therapy, music therapy, cognitive training) at the day-care center once a week. The mini mental state examination (MMSE) was conducted at the baseline as well as 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, and 30-month follow-ups. We divided them into two groups by varying the attendance rate of over 40% and under, 50%, 60%, 70%, respectively. We employed a mixed model ANOVA to analyze data. Results: There were significant interaction effects of the attendance rate and time course of MMSE when the group was divided by attendance rate of 50% and 60%. The effect of the attendance on the MMSE score was also significant after adjusting the age and sex in 50 % and 60 % (P < 0.01). When divided by the attendance rate of 40 % or 70 %, the effect of the attendance rate on MMSE score was not significant (P ¼ 0.

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Background It is not clear from prior studies whether trauma exposure predicts substance use problems independent of psychiatric comorbidities. Most prior studies were cross-sectional in nature, and none focused on prescription drug problems. Aims To address this gap in the literature, this paper is a secondary analysis of veterans from the Mind Your Heart prospective cohort study. The primary research question is whether trauma exposure predicts prescription drug problems even after controlling for major psychiatric symptoms, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Methods Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess whether the 10-item lifetime Brief Trauma Questionnaire (e.g., serious car accidents, war traumas, life-threatening illness, natural disasters, physical or sexual abuse) predicts prescription drug problems as determined by a self-report categorical question (3 answer choices) over a 4-year follow-up time period (n = 661 [100%] at year 1; 83.4% at year 2; 85.9% at year 3; 78.2% at year 4). Results Trauma exposure was positively associated with prescription drug problems in unadjusted and age-, sex-, and race-adjusted analyses at follow-up. After accounting for PTSD (PTSD Checklist-17 Civilian Version) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) symptoms, trauma exposure was no longer associated with prescription drug problems at all time points (relative risk ratios range 0.91–1.47). These results were robust to different missing data strategies. Discussion Trauma exposure was not associated with prescription drug problems over a 4-year follow-up in a prospective cohort study of veterans. Future directions include detailed measures of prescription drug problems and recruitment from community sites.