SUMMARY -The results of the field collection of professional argots are stated in the following paper. Farmers of Ardennes and Aisne departments who deal with cultivating grain-crops, breeding cattle and meat-processing took part in the linguistic experiment. The field records of the oral speech of professional groups were organized in different situations with the use of four methods: interviewing, participant observation, written questionnaires and the so-called method « from the initiated to the initiated ». The method of processing and the presentation of collected material are described and the analysis of the professional argots is given in this work. KEYWORDS -professional argots, interviewing, questionnaires, participant observation, method « from the initiated to the initiated » RÉSUMÉ -Cet article se propose d'exposer les résultats de l'étude sur le terrain des argots de métiers. Ont participé à l'expérimentation linguistique des fermiers céréaliers, des éleveurs bovins et les professionnels de la filière viande des départements des Ardennes et de l'Aisne. Les enquêtes de terrain ont été organisées dans diverses situations et ont obéi à quatre modalités : entretiens, observations en situation, questionnaires et la méthode « d'initié à l'initié ». Cet exposé offre la description des procédés méthodologiques de traitement et de présentation du corpus obtenu ainsi que l'analyse des argotismes professionnels. MOTS-CLÉS -argots de métiers, entretiens, questionnaires, observations en situation, méthode « d'initié à l'initié »
This article analyzes the slang linguistic elements of Faïza Guène's entire fictional work. The writer inscribes her creations in the literary genre "beur" (literature of generations born of Algerian immigration) and urban (suburban) literature, two connected areas of modern French prose. It also studies the phenomenon of « contemporary French in cities » (a term introduced by argotologist J.-P. Goudaillier) as a variety of French argots. Indeed, the author's language is special in the sense that it is characterized by several marks of oral character at all levels. The wide use that she makes of different slang strata is motivated by the fact that, on the one hand, this vocabulary is part of her personal linguistic experience and that, on the other hand, these multiple processes make it possible to give her works the appearance most realistic and plausible that it is. Based on the analysis of a non-standard vocabulary (frequency of argot lexemes, means of their semantization, synonymic ranks, training procedures), the authors draw conclu-sions on the functions of slang in the novels of F. Guène. Although all the functions specific to French argots are present in his works, their hierarchy differs from one novel to another depending on the change of the subjects treated and the characteristics of the characters/narrators.
Cette contribution vise à présenter les appellatifs affectifs construits à la base de fonds lexicaux régionaux et à montrer que ces « formules amicales par lesquelles on adresse la parole » (Tamine, 2006) sont un moyen notable de sauvegarder le parler spécifique à telle ou telle localité. Comme pour tout autre parler, il en est ainsi en champenois et en ardennais, où une partie considérable des dénominations destinées à s’adresser à une personne de sa connaissance est représentée par des vocatifs expressifs. L’étude de ces éléments importants du vocabulaire régional comprend la description des différents types de transpositions affectueuses utilisées dans l’interlocution, et l’analyse des variétés morphosémantiques de ces unités lexicales. Une attention particulière est prêtée aux spécificités régiolectales en tant que marqueurs de l’attachement, telles que les sobriquets collectifs ou individuels employés en tant qu’appellatifs, les prénoms dont la modification morphologique est une trace sémantique hypocoristique ou encore les « dénominations régionales de divers membres d’une famille » (Bourcelot, 2012).
This article aims to bring on some enlightenment on the specifics of an experimental base formation for the creation of web maps dedicated to the French common youth slang. The relevance of the article is due to the pervasive nature of the French youth's “argotization” over the past two decades. The proposed study is devoted to the specifics of the formation of an experimental base for the creation of French common youth slang web maps, which will allow an illustration of the territorial localization of the slang (argotic) vocabulary. In this context, the authors elaborate preparatory procedures to form the basis for web mapping, namely the multistage processing of “argotographic data”, the inventory of core and peripheral “argotisms” and the verification of the identified linguistic facts under anti-epidemic restrictions on the mobility of scientists. The stages of the youth speech survey, which can be conducted remotely, are described. A review of lexicographic sources for the collection of argotic units is carried out. At the same time, the latest linguistic phenomenon of the French youth common slang (argot commun des jeunes) is briefly examined, and its relationship to the French common slang (argot commun) is described. The material of the study is youth argot lexemes collected from four traditional dictionaries and vocabulary lists of French and Russian eminent slang specialists (“argotologists”), four collaborative digital dictionaries, and two oral linguistic corpora. Youth argotisms are studied from the aspect of frequency parameters and the number of fixations in the argotographic sources. At the stage of collecting and identifying the elements of the common French youth slang vocabulary, several methods were applied: the method of sampling, the continuous sampling method, and the corpus linguistics method, including automated information extraction and the textual searches in large-scale corpora (concordances). At the stage of verification of the collected lexemes for their attribution to the French common youth slang, multiple crossed procedures were used: questionnaires, interviews, introspection, and “the initiated to the initiated” one. The present study was carried out in an experimental way, which, in turn, is applied in the research field on an actively developing social dialect.
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