No abstract

The production of tomato seedlings is conducted on commercial substrates with adequate properties for the good formation of the aerial part and root. The Spent Mushroom Substrate, or SMS, presents advantages over commercial substrates regarding the quality of the vegetable seedlings, which may be provided by the presence of a rich microbiota, bringing higher balance and competition with pathogenic microorganisms, in addition to the biological control of pathogens and nematodes. It is important to know the microbiota present in this material and its relation to the plant, in order for this association to occur in the best manner possible. This work had the objective of identifying the microbiota present in the rhizosphere of tomato seedlings produced in SMS of Agaricus subrufescens and Agaricus bisporus mushrooms, added or not with commercial substrate. The microbiota was analyzed by DGGE and the representative samples were sequenced in order to identify the species. Among the eukaryotes, the Chaetomium globosum, Arthrobotrys amerospora species were predominant in the A. subrufescens SMS, and Geastrum floriforme, Chrysosporium chiropterum, Pleurotus sp., and Trichosporon sp. in the A. bisporus SMS. Prokaryotes are the most diverse group, suggesting a large number of species not yet classified or which sequences are not yet available.

The production of Agaricus bisporus results in significant residual material after cultivation. Due to its physical properties and nutrient content Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) has great potential for use in agriculture. Our study evaluated the feasibility of using SMS as an alternative substrate for the production of Paronset® hybrid tomato seedlings and as an organic fertilizer in its production. To conduct the fruit production experiment, the plots consisted of three types of fertilizers (SMS of A. bisporus, NPK and bovine manure) with four replications. The seedlings produced in the SMS presented higher rates of germination time and speeds, and stood out from the other substrates in the evaluation of seedling quality. In the tomato fruit production phase, the average production of the plants originating from the SMS was 20% higher than the seedlings from the commercial substrate. The plants cultivated with the SMS presented higher production than the plants cultivated with bovine manure incorporated the soil. According to our results, The SMS was as good as the commercial substrates tested. Therefore, the SMS can be recommended for the growth and nutrition of seedling production and denotes potential viability for use in the tomato production cycle in its different phases.

Este experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação de diferentes níveis de vitamina E (NVE) na dieta sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte de um a 42 dias de idade, e sobre a concentração de alfa-tocoferol (AT) na carne de peito das aves aos 45 dias de idade. Foram alojados 480 pintos de um dia, da linhagem Ross, em 16 boxes de 3,00× 2,20m, com 30 aves de ambos os sexos em cada boxe. A ração e a água foram fornecidas ad libitum. As aves receberam uma dieta inicial (1 a 21 dias), com 21,2% de PB e 2934kcal de EM/kg, e uma dieta de crescimento (22 a 42 dias), com 18% de PB e 3035kcal de EM/kg. Ambas as dietas foram suplementadas com quatro NVE: 25, 250, 500 e 750mg/kg. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, constituído de quatro tratamentos (NVE), com quatro repetições, cada uma com 30 aves. Verificou-se que o peso corporal, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar aos 42 dias de idade foram significativamente influenciados (P<0,05) pelos NVE utilizados na dieta. Houve aumento linear para peso e ganho de peso, e melhoria linear da conversão alimentar à medida que se elevou o nível da suplementação de vitamina E (VE) da dieta. O consumo de ração e a viabilidade não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos NVE. Observou-se efeito quadrático (P<0,05) do NVE na dieta sobre a deposição de AT na carne de peito das aves, sem diferença entre sexos. Máxima concentração de AT foi verificada na carne de peito de aves que foram alimentadas com dieta de 500mg de VE/kg. Desse modo, conclui-se que para cada aumento de 25mg de VE/kg na dieta, espera-se um aumento de 5,49g no peso corporal, melhoria de 0,0038 pontos na conversão alimentar, e um aumento de 8,57mig de AT/g de carne de peito de frangos de corte.