Objective: To identify the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Methods: A prospective cohort study including 51 patients exposed to coronary artery bypass surgery, valve replacement, or combined surgery (bypass surgery and valve replacement) without history of kidney disease and kidney transplant, and who were followed from the preoperative period until 72 hours after surgery. Acute renal failure was defined as baseline creatinine increase of 0.3 mg/dL in 48 hours or less, or its increase from 1.5 to 1.9-fold, or a reduction in urine flow <0.5mL/kg/h for 6 hours. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification was used. Results: The KDIGO classification showed that 92.2% of patients had renal impairment. The urinary flow criterion of this classification alone showed that 31.4% of patients had renal dysfunction in stage of risk, 33.3% in stage of renal injury, and 21.6% in stage of renal failure. By the serum creatinine criterion, 27.5% were identified in the stage of risk, 3.9% in stage of injury and another 3.9% in stage of kidney failure. Conclusion: A high percentage of patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass surgery and valve replacement) progressed to acute kidney injury. ResumoObjetivo: Identificar a ocorrência de lesão renal aguda em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo que incluiu 51 pacientes expostos a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, troca valvar ou cirurgia combinada (revascularização do miocárdio e troca valvar), sem antecedentes de doença renal e de transplante renal e que foram acompanhados desde o pré-operatório até 72 horas de pós-operatório. Foi definido como lesão renal aguda o aumento de 0,3mg/dL em tempo menor ou igual a 48 horas ou aumento de 1,5 a 1,9 vez da creatinina basal, ou ainda redução do fluxo urinário <0,5mL/kg/h por 6 horas. Foi utilizada a classificação Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Resultados: A classificação KDIGO sinalizou 92,2% dos pacientes com disfunção renal. O critério fluxo urinário dessa classificação isoladamente mostrou que 31,4% dos pacientes apresentaram disfunção renal no estágio de risco, 33,3% no estágio de lesão renal, e 21,6% no estágio de falência renal. Pelo critério creatinina sérica, foram identificados 27,5% no estágio de risco e, nos estágios de lesão e falência renal, foram identificados 3,9% pacientes em cada. Conclusão: Um percentual elevado de pacientes em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca (revascularização miocárdica e troca valvar) progrediu com lesão renal aguda.
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