The purpose of our study was to examine the lived experiences of 10 pregnant women in Thailand following their HIV diagnosis. Principles of interpretive phenomenology were applied to guide the study. In-depth interviews with open-ended questions were conducted during 2000-2001. Each participant met with the research team from 5 to 12 times. "Struggle" was the main theme that emerged from participants' lived experiences, with four subthemes: struggling alone, sharing one's struggling, struggling for the baby, and struggling through ups and downs. Findings from our study resulted in helpful implications for health professionals.

Depressive symptoms negatively impact the lives of HIV-infected individuals and are correlated with faster progression to AIDS. Our embedded mixed methods study examined and described the effects of telephone support on depressive symptoms in a sample of HIV-infected pregnant Thai women. HIV-infected pregnant Thai women (n = 40) were randomly assigned to either the control or the intervention group. A registered nurse provided telephone support to the intervention group. Depressive symptoms were measured at three points in both groups. In-depth interviews were conducted at Time 2 and Time 3. Results show that depressive symptoms in the intervention group decreased over time. Qualitative results describe how telephone support can work, but also reveal that telephone support did not work for everyone. We recommend that a larger mixed methods study be conducted to examine the effects of telephone support on depressive symptoms among HIV-infected women, including the costs and benefits of such support.

Understanding patients' spiritual beliefs and practices can help nurses to positively promote better nurse-patient relationships. Nurses should encourage patients' spiritual practices as being grounded in their belief system.

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