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The epidemiology of injuries is a significant factor in the structure of mortality and causes of hospitalization of elderly people. Epidemiologically, consequences of injury, i.e. their complications, from reduced mobility, sores, contractures, infections, all over to mortality from hypostatic pneumonia, are strongly emphasized in the elderly. In 2005, more than 17.0% of Croatian population were older than 65 years of age, and 27.0% of the population were over 60. Osteoporotic bone fractures are frequent among the elderly; 5,489 hip fracture cases were registered in Croatia during 2005, and 382 of them died from fracture complications. In total, 97.38% of the dead patients were over 65 years of age. Besides hip fractures, other typical osteoporotic fractures are fractures of vertebral bodies, distal part of the radius, humerus, pelvic bones, etc. Regardless of conservative or surgical treatment for osteoporotic fracture, it is essential to stress out that after the care of fractured bone has been provided, appropriate diagnostic examinations and pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis should also be done. Orthopedic and traumatic surgeons all over the world have to understand that conservative or surgical treatment of osteoporotic fracture of any localization is just one link in this complex chain of managing the disease - osteoporotic treatment.

Sesamoid bones play an essential role in first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint biomechanics, together with other articular surfaces, joint capsule, plantar fascia, ligaments and tendons. They are prone to different acute and chronic injuries, such as acute fracture, stress fractures, chondromalacia, avascular necrosis, bursitis degenerative changes, inflammation etc., all of which clinically manifest as a painful condition and are often diagnosed under a broad term called sesamoiditis. The mechanism of injury is most commonly associated with overuse of the anterior part of the sole of the foot accompanied by excessive dorsiflexion of the great toe. Sesamoiditis presents with pain and localized swelling in the projection of the tibial sesamoid bone, which is affected more frequently than the fibular one. Diagnostic radiology plays a key role in determination of etiology of the disease, as well as in planning of it's treatment. Typical radiological examination includes weight-bearing dorsoplantar, lateral, oblique medial and oblique lateral radiographs of the foot, together with a direct axial radiograph of sesamoid bones. Computerized tomography is used for distinction of acute fractures and early stage of stress fractures from other pathological conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging allows differentiation between bony pathology and soft tissue conditions. Sesamoiditis management is primarily conservative and it depends on duration and severity of the condition. Orthotic insoles customized according to pedobarographic findings may be useful for solving biomechanical deformities that could have led to development of sesamoiditis. Specific pads placed under the first MTP joint in order to prevent the great toe from dorsiflexion proved to be a very effective conservative treatment option. Surgical treatment is considered if conservative methods fail to provide sufficient management of the condition.

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