Background Optical spectral transmission (OST) is a modern diagnostic modality, able to assess the blood-specific absorption of light transmitted through a tissue, promising quantification of inflammation in the finger and wrist joints of patients with arthritis. To date, there are no adequate data regarding the diagnostic value of OST in the evaluation of inflammatory activity changes, during arthritis follow-up. Objectives of this study were therefore to examine the performance of OST in assessing response to anti-inflammatory therapy in patients with active arthritis and to explore OST associations with clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic (US) activity markers. Methods 1173 joints of 54 patients with arthritides of the wrist and finger joints were examined by OST before and after oral administration of glucocorticoids (GC), during a disease flare. For the same time-points patients underwent clinical, laboratory, and joint US [grayscale (GSUS), power-Doppler (PDUS)] examinations. The distribution of ΔOST-values between the two time-points was compared with the respective distributions of ΔPDUS and ΔGSUS by Bayesian statistical analyses. Moreover, the diagnostic performance of OST compared to a control group (2508 joints of 114 subjects) was examined by receiver operating characteristics and associations of OST values with clinical, laboratory, and arthrosonographic parameters were evaluated by correlation analyses. Results OST and US performed similarly in the assessment of inflammatory changes caused by GC (same value-change tendency in 83.2% of the cases). Bayesian statistics revealed no significant differences between ΔOST and ΔPDUS for all 3 examined joint categories (accuracy: metacarpophalangeal (MCP): 68.1%; proximal interphalangeal (PIP): 60.4%; wrists: 50.4%) and between ΔOST and ΔGSUS for MCP and PIP joints (accuracy: 51.1% and 78.7%, respectively). OST diagnostic performance (patients vs. controls) was excellent in both time-points [area under the curve (AUC) before GC=0.883(95%CI=0.83–0.94) and after GC=0.811(95%CI=0.74–0.881); p<0.001]. Furthermore, OST correlated significantly with all examined sonographic activity scores (all; p<0.001) and with swollen joint counts (p<0.01). Conclusions OST was able to assess response to therapy in a similar way to joint US and correlated significantly with arthritis activity markers. Therefore, OST has proved to be a valuable tool to assist disease activity monitoring in the examined cohort. Trial registration German Registry of Clinical Trials, DRKS00016752
Fatigue is a widespread and complex symptom with motor and cognitive components; it is diagnosed predominantly by questionnaire. We recently published a correlation between anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies and fatigue in patients with SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus). In the present study, we examined whether this association also applies to patients with other rheumatic diseases. Serum samples of 88 patients with different rheumatic diseases were analyzed for the presence of anti-NR2 antibodies and Neurofilament light chain (NfL) protein. The severity of fatigue was determined according to the FSMC questionnaire (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions) and correlated with the circulating antibody titer and NfL level accordingly. Positive titers of anti-NR2 antibodies were detected in patients with both autoimmune and non-autoimmune rheumatic diseases. These patients suffer predominantly from severe fatigue. The circulating NfL level did not correlate with the anti-NR2 titer and the fatigue severity in all patient groups. The association of severe fatigue with circulating anti-NR2 antibodies in patients with rheumatic diseases, independently from the main disease, suggests an individual role of these autoantibodies in fatigue pathophysiology. Thus, the detection of these autoantibodies might be a helpful diagnostic tool in rheumatic patients with fatigue.
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Zusammenfassung Anamnese Eine 78-jährige Patientin wurde unserer Klinik mit einer therapieresistenten, seronegativen und ACPA-negativen rheumatoiden Arthritis zugewiesen. Der Verlauf war von hoher klinischer Krankheitsaktivität und rascher Progression der erosiven Veränderungen geprägt. Unter der erforderlichen hochdosierten Prednisolon-Therapie kam es zu einer Osteoporose sowie einer TVT mit Lungenembolie. Körperliche Untersuchung Bei Aufnahme bestanden symmetrische, schmerzhafte, synovialitische Schwellungen der MCPs, PIPs und DIPs, Fingergelenk-bezogene rötlich-livide Verfärbungen sowie Kontrakturen der Langfinger und fortgeschrittene Deformitäten. Eine ausgeprägte proximale Muskelschwäche führte zu Einschränkungen beim Treppensteigen sowie beim An- und Auskleiden. Diagnostik Das Labor zeigte bei negativem RF und anti-CCP-Ak einen positiven ANA (1:5120) mit nukleärem Fluoreszenzmuster und einen positiven anti-Mi-2-Ak im Myositis-Blot. Nativradiologisch imponierten fortgeschrittene mutilierende Gelenkveränderungen im Bereich beider Hände, in der Magnet-Resonanz-Tomografie (MRT) der Oberarme zeigte sich eine ausgeprägte Atrophie der Oberarmmuskulatur ohne Hinweis auf eine aktive Myositis. Diese klinische Konstellation führte zu der Diagnosestellung einer amyositischen Dermatomyositis. Therapie und Verlauf Unter einem initial erhaltenen Steroidstoß von 100 mg Prednisolon i. v./Tag über 4 Tage waren die klinischen Beschwerden rückläufig. Bei begleitenden Risikofaktoren (Osteoporosis, arterieller Hypertonie, verschwommenem Sehen) erfolgte ein schnelles Steroid-Tapering. Die Basistherapie wurde auf Rituximab umgestellt. Eine erweiterte Tumorsuche wurde ambulant empfohlen. Diskussion Eine seronegative, ACPA-negative, therapieresistente RA mit schnell fortschreitendem erosivem Verlauf erfordert eine diagnostische Re-Evaluation. Eine erosive, rapid progressive Polyarthritis gehört zu dem Krankheitsbild der mit Anti-Jo-1-Antikörpern assoziierten idiopathischen Myopathien, dem Antisynthetase-Syndrom. Allerdings sind auch Assoziationen mit dem Vorhandensein anderer Myositis-spezifischer Antikörper (MSA) beschrieben. Die Anti-Mi-2-Ab sind hochspezifisch für Dermatomyositis (DM). Eine amyopathische DM ist selten und untypisch. Trotzdem, abgesehen von der muskulären Beteiligung, unterscheiden sich der Krankheitsverlauf und die Prognose nicht wesentlich von einer myopathischen DM.Da eine plötzlich aufgetretene DM eine paraneoplastische Genese haben könnte, ist eine erweiterte Diagnostik zum Malignom-Ausschluss indiziert.
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