The oxidant/antioxidant imbalance was significantly pronounced in patients with COPD exacerbation for at least 24 hours following their admission and when they were clinically stable enough to be discharged. Increased oxidative stress, elevated systemic inflammation and decreased antioxidant defence were common in end-stage disease and particularly COPD patients with ischemic heart disease.

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Kratak sadr`aj: Radi utvr|ivanja nefrotoksi~nosti aminoglikozidnog antibiotika gentamicina odre|iva na je aktivnost enzi ma dominantno lokalizovanih u proksimalnim tubulama, alaninaminopeptidaze (AAP), g-glutamil-transferaze (GGT) i N-acetil-ß-D-glukozaminidaze (NAG). Odre|ivanje je vr{eno u uzorcima 12-~asovnog urina 30 ispitanika kojima je zbog Gram-negativnih infekcija intravenski apliciran gentamicin u dozama od 5,0 mg/kg telesne mase dnevno. Aktivnosti istih enzima su odre|ivane i u 12-~asovnom urinu 30 ispitanika kontrolne grupe. Polnu strukturu grupa su ~inili ispitanici oba pola i uzrasta neonatalnog perioda. Posle petodnevnog perioda pre tretiranja, eksperimentalna grupa je dobijala gentamicin tokom 10 dana. Statisti~ki zna~ajne razlike u aktivnostima AAP i GGT, izra`ene u U/mmol kreatinina, utvr|ene su izme|u ispitanika eksperimentalne i ispitanika kontrolne grupe osmog dana (p<0,01) sprovo|enja terapije. Aktivnosti NAG kod ispitanika eksperimentalne grupe u odnosu na ispitanike kontrolne grupe se nisu zna~ajno menjale tokom desetodnevnog vremena sprovo|enja terapije. Mo`e se zaklju~iti da desetodnevni tretman ispitanika u neonatalnom periodu uobiajenim dozama gentamicina izaziva blage nefrotoksi ~ne promene koje su pra}ene porastom aktivnosti AAP i GGT, veoma osetljivih indikatora nefrotoksi~nosti, tek pri kraju sprovo|enja terapije. Za isto vreme sprovo|enja terapije nije do{lo do porasta aktivnosti NAG, {to zna~i da nema te`ih o{te}enja }elija proksimalnih tubula na nivou }elijskih organela.Klju~ne re~i: alaninaminopeptidaza (AAP), g-glutamiltrans feraza (GGT), N-acetil-b-D-glukozaminidaza (NAG), urin, gentamicin, neonatalni period Summary: In order to determine the nephrotoxicity of gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, activity of the enzymes dominantly localized in proximal tubules, i.e. alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), g-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and N-ace tyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was examined. Deter mina tions were performed in 12-h urine samples of 30 neonates i.v. receiving gentamicin against Gram negative infections in daily doses of 5.0 mg/kg body mass for 10 consecutive days. The activities of the same enzymes were measured in 12-h urine samples of 30 examinées of the control group. The groups consisted of neonates of both sexes. The pretreatment period lasted for 5 days. On day 8 of gentamicin application, statistically significant differences in the activity of AAP and GGT expressed in U/mmol creatinine between the gentamicin-receiving and control group (p<0.01) were found. No significant differences in NAG activity of the gentamicin-treated group in comparison with the control were recorded during the 10-day gentamicin therapy. It can be concluded that 10-day treatment of neonates with usually prescribed gentamicin doses results in mild nephrotoxic changes close to the end of the therapy accompanied by increased activity of both urinary AAP and GGT, known as very sensitive indicators of nephrotoxicity. During the same treatment period no changes in NAG activity were observed, mea...

Kratak sadr`aj: Radi odre|ivanja nefrotoksi~nosti cefalosporinskog antibiotika cefaleksina, pra}ena je aktivnost enzi ma dominantno lokalizovanih u }elijama epitela proksimalnih tubula, alaninaminopeptidaze (AAP), gama-glutamil-transferaze (GGT) i N-acetil-beta-D-glukozaminidaze (NAG). Odre|ivanje aktivnosti enzima je vr{eno u uzorcima 12-~asovnog urina kod 30 ispitanika kojima je, zbog grampozitivnih infekcija respiratornog i urinarnog trakta, per os apliciran cefaleksin u dozama od 50 mg/kg telesne mase dnevno za vreme sprovo|enja terapije do 15 dana. Aktivnosti istih enzima su odre|ivane i u 12-~asovnom urinu 30 ispitanika kontrolne grupe. I eksperimentalna i kontrolna grupa sastojale su se od ispitanika oba pola, starosti od 3 do 10 godina. Statisti~ki zna~ajne razlike u aktivnostima AAP i GGT, izra`ene u U/mmol kreatinina, registrovane su izme |u ispitanika eksperimentalne i ispitanika kontrolne grupe nakon dvanaestog dana sprovo|enja terapije (p < 0,01). Aktiv nost NAG ispitanika eksperimentalne grupe u odnosu na ispitanike kontrolne grupe se nisu zna~ajno menjale zã itavo vreme petnaestodnevne terapije. Mo`e da se za klju~i da petnaestodnevni tretman ispitanika staro sti od 3 do 10 godina preporu~enim dozama cefa leksina izaziva blage nefrotoksi~ne promene pri kraju terapije koje su pra}ene porastom aktivnosti AAP i GGT, veoma osetlji vih indikatora nefrotoksi~nosti. Za ~itavo vreme sprovo|e nja terapije nije do{lo do porasta aktivnosti lizozomalnog enzim a NAG, {to zna~i da ne dolazi do te`ih o{te}enja }elija epitela proksimalnih tubula na nivou organela. The same enzymes were determined in the 12-h urine samples of the corresponding control. Both the control and the expe ri mental group consisted of 30 examinees of both sexes, age range 3-10 years. Sta tistically significant differences in AAP and GGT activities expressed as U/mmol creatinine were recorded after 12 days of cephalexin therapy in comparison with the control (p < 0.01). At the same time, no significant differences in NAG activity of the patients in relation to the control were observed during the entire course of the therapy. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that treatment of 3-10 years old patients with the applied cephalexin doses for 15 days results in mild nephrotoxic changes close to the end of therapy accompanied by incre ased activities of AAP and GGT, the enzymes known as very sen sitive indicators of nephrotoxicity. The results showing that during the entire period of cephalexin appli cation no changes in NAG, as a lysosomal enzyme, were observed, could be taken as a proof that this antibiotic did not lead to severe injuries of epithelial proximal tubule cells at the level of cell organelles.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is frequent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Systemic inflammation plays an important role in both COPD and MetS. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of MetS in COPD patients and to evaluate the differences between COPD patients with MetS and COPD patients without MetS in regard to demographics, clinical characteristics and inflammation. Methods: The cross sectional study included 115 stable COPD patients. MetS was defined using criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Components of MetS and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured and spirometry was performed in all patients. The staging of COPD was made according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-GOLD criteria. Results: MetS was present in 35.65% COPD patients. The frequencies of MetS in patients in GOLD stages I, II, III, IV were 50.0%; 44.9%; 29.3%; 17.6% respectively. There were no differences between COPD patients with MetS and COPD patients without MetS in regard to age, smoking and COPD duration. COPD patients with MetS showed significantly higher CRP level.