BACKGROUNDAdjustment disorders and major depression are common psychiatric disorders in patients with cancer and have a serious impact on quality of life. The problem in clinical oncology settings is underrecognition of these disorders; as a result, screening is recommended to detect them. The goal of the current study was to develop a new, brief screening tool for adjustment disorders and major depression and to compare its performance with that of existing screening methods.METHODSPatients with cancer completed the newly developed One‐Question Interview (a 1‐item, structured interview); the Distress Thermometer (a 1‐item, self‐report questionnaire), which previously was developed as a brief screening tool; and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; a 14‐item, self‐report questionnaire). Psychiatric diagnoses of adjustment disorders and major depression were made by psychiatrists and were based on criteria set forth by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition.RESULTSTwo hundred seventy‐five patients participated in the study. Scores on both the One‐Question Interview and the Distress Thermometer were significantly correlated with HADS score (One‐Question Interview: r = −0.66, P < 0.01; Distress Thermometer: r = 0.71, P < 0.01). At the optimal cutoff points, the sensitivity and specificity for detection of adjustment disorders and major depression were 80% and 61%, respectively, for the One‐Question Interview; 84% and 61%, respectively, for the Distress Thermometer; and 92% and 57%, respectively, for the HADS.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study suggested that the One‐Question Interview was a valid tool for use in screening patients with cancer for adjustment disorders and major depression. Its performance was inferior to that of the HADS but comparable to that of the Distress Thermometer. The One‐Question Interview may be suitable for widespread use in routine screening. Cancer 2003;10:2605–13. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11358

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The common psychiatric disorders observed in Japanese cancer patients were similar to those in the Western countries provided the cancer diagnosis is disclosed.

Our findings suggest that early detection and appropriate management of major depression and comprehensive care improving physical functioning may help to prevent suicide and manage suicidality in Japanese cancer patients.