This study was carried out to examine the development of an "elderly tele-nursing model" for care provided in-home by family members and through remote nursing systems in a super-aging society. This model studied the travel time, cost, and means of transportation of care providers. The pre-survey results regarding elderly tele-nursing show that a son/daughter can visit a parent more than once a week. In the results, the time required for elderly tele-nursing was influenced by whether or not the visitor uses the shinkansen (bullet train of Japan). In the main survey, based on 40 questionnaires, clear differences were observed according to whether visits were "every two weeks" or "once per month". Furthermore, this result was also indicated by t-tests.
Abstract:Half centuries of follow-up survey has enabled the architects and urban planners to design rationally by the aid of planning. Nonetheless, limitation has occurred at planning because city has been changing its utility in accordance with its users' demand. In this paper, the authors proposed a method to analyze trait of users in market areas near stations by analyzing location based social network. After the datum collection from geotagged tweets, these GPS (global positioning system) datum were plotted to map attained from yahoo open location platform. Then the morphological analysis and terminology extraction system extracted the keywords and their scores. After calculating the distance from stations and users' GPS coordination, the authors extracted the array of keywords and corresponding scores in some station market area. Lastly, ratios of all users' scores and city's scores were calculated to examine the locality. Full combination of data collection, natural language processing and visualization enabled the authors to envisage distribution of collective background in city.
Tatsuto KIHARAーーーーー * 1Sakura IHARAーーーーーー * 2 Haruka TANIー ーーーーーーー * 2 Hiroto TAKAGUCHIー ーー * 3 In this study, I perform a cost-benefit analysis of the roadside tree project in the planning stage, by using the method of CVM. In CVM survey of trees project model in the Toranomon Street, I used two types of survey. (One shows the results of the thermal environment simulation, one does not) There was no difference between the result of the survey. As a result of the cost-benefit analysis, cost-benefit ratio from seven years after the effect was presented in the questionnaire begins obtained are more than 1, could be evaluated the roadside tree project is that it is reasonable.In this study, I perform a cost-benefit analysis of the roadside tree project in the planning stage, by using the method of CVM. In CVM survey of trees project model in the Toranomon Street, I used two types of survey.(One shows the results of the thermal environment simulation, one does not) There was no difference between the result of the survey. As a result of the cost-benefit analysis, cost-benefit ratio from seven years after the effect was presented in the questionnaire begins obtained are more than 1, could be evaluated the roadside tree project is that it is reasonable. 1.はじめに地球温暖化と相まって、都市部のヒートアイランド現象は益々強 まっている。街路樹植栽は緑陰形成による日射遮蔽効果や視覚的に 快適性を高める心理的効果を有することから、その適応策として大 いに期待されている。一方、街路樹事業においては、多くの地方自 治体が維持管理費の増大を課題として挙げており、事業の必要性、 有益性を長期的な視点から評価することが重要である。公共事業の 客観性及び透明性を確保するためには費用便益分析の手法が用いら れることが多いが、その際には事業の便益を金額に換算する必要が ある。 しかし、 街路樹事業の便益は、 多くが非貨幣価値であるため、 数値化することが難しい。街路樹事業の評価事例としては、東京都 台東区 1) 、東大和市 2) 、北海道札幌市 3) の事例があるが、街路樹本数 など緑化事業活動の程度を示す指標のみでの評価、または評価指標 化が困難だとして評価が行われていない。 そこで本研究では、街路樹事業の費用便益分析、また事業による 環境改善予測情報の有無が支払意思額に与える影響の把握を目的と する。都市緊急整備地域内に位置する「新虎通り」を対象として、 街路樹事業の計画段階における費用便益評価を行う。街路樹事業の 便益評価に際しては、事業による環境改善予測情報の有無による 2 つのアンケートを用い、人々の事業に対する支払意思額を問い、便 益を金額で評価する手法である CVM(仮想市場評価法)を用いる。 2.街路樹事業における CVM の適用 2.1 本研究における費用便益分析の手順 まず、新虎通りを対象とした街路樹事業モデルを設定する。同時 に、事業による効果や効果が及ぶ範囲を示す、シナリオの設定を行 う。その後、CVM アンケートを実施することで支払意志額の算出 を行い、事業の便益を算出する。事業に要する費用は、樹木の成長 を考慮して作成した維持管理計画を基に算出を行い、費用便益の算 出を行う。 2.2 支払意思額の質問方式 CVM における支払意志額の質問方式には、複数の選択肢の中か ら金額を選択してもらう「支払カード方式」や、金額を回答者に提 示して賛成または反対で回答してもらう「二項選択方式」が代表的 なものとして挙げられる 4) 。本調査では、最もバイアスが少なく、 金額を回答者に提示して、賛成または反対で回答してもらった後、 賛成と回答した者にはより高い金額、反対と答えた者にはより低い 金額を提示する「二段階二項選択方式」を採用する。 3.街路樹事業に対する支払意思額の把握 3.1 調査概要 本調査を実施する前に、二段階二項方式を用いる際の支払意志額 の回答の幅の把握を目的としたプレ調査を実施した。プレ調査の概 要を表 1 に示す。プレ調査では、幅広い金額を提示した支払カード 法を用いた CVM アンケートを行った。 3.2 街路樹の機能に対する評価 支払意志額を問う設問の前に、人々が街路樹のどのような効果を 便益として感じるか把握することを目的として、街路樹の 6 つの機 能 5) を評価させた。 その結果を図 1 に示す。 街路樹事業において 「景 観向上機能」 と 「緑陰形成機能」 への期待が大きいことが分かった。 *1 早稲田大学創造理工学部建築学科 助手 環境科学修
This study has been carried out to examine the development of an "elderly tele-nursing model" for care provided in-home by family members and through remote nursing systems in a super-aging society. The time required for elderly tele-nursing was influenced by whether or not the visitor uses the Shinkansen or the Express train. Based on 40 questionnaires, clear differences were observed according to whether visits were "every two weeks" or "once per month". And finally, comparing the trends and characteristics of remote care for the elderly in the TMA (Tokyo Main Area) and Kansai region clarified regional characteristic.
Regional cities in Japan are at the risk of experiencing big fire accidents or earthquakes every day. However, neither the number nor the capacity of shelters has increased because local governments might not consider them owing to budget shortfall. By contrast, wide-area evacuation simulations can easily provide an antagonizing image of regional urban disasters. After a disaster, the city collapses and the evacuation routes are closed; consequently, evacuees feel anxious and they cannot move as usual. This anxiety behavior has not been considered in previous related studies and simulations. In this study, a wide-area evacuation simulation is developed; this model can not only calculate the possibility of blocking escape routes when the city is broken but also provide safe and more realistic evacuation plans before a disaster occurs by incorporating into the simulation the risk avoidance behaviors of evacuees from road blockage, such as "the route re-seeking behavior" and "the shelter re-selecting behavior".
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