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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is considered to be a cause of gastric ulcer, gastric cancer and other diseases. The relationship between infection and the hygiene or housing circumstances of such patients in their childhood was explored. The study subjects were those who applied for a H. pylori antibody test, and were asked to fill out a questionnaire enclosed with a test kit, inquiring as to their hygiene and housing conditions when they were 10 years old. Of 5971 applicants, 5854 agreed to participate in the study. Associations between the six factors in the questionnaire and infection were calculated, and adjusted for sex, age and district. Drinking water, type of toilet, residential area, number of people in the house, and birth order showed significant correlations with H. pylori infection. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0. elicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is frequently isolated from the gastric mucosa of patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and chronic gastritis. Persistent H. pylori infection leads to atrophy of the gastric mucosa, causes intestinal metaplasia, and also contributes to the onset of stomach cancer. 1-3)Numerous studies so far have suggested that H. pylori infection is related to factors such as the sanitary condition of tap and ground water, 4, 5) economic status, and ethnicity. 6, 7) H. pylori infection during adulthood is believed to be rare, and infection is often established during childhood. 8,9) The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the establishment of infection and factors such as sanitary conditions or home environment during childhood. Relevant factors were the types of water supply and toilet, residential area, family size, breastfeeding and birth order. Subjects and MethodsSubjects were selected from those who underwent both a serum PG test and an H. pylori antibody test as part of a the so-called stomach cancer examination system by mail.A questionnaire was sent out with the application form. Of the 5971 subjects who responded, 5854 consented to participate in the research, and the results of their H. pylori antibody tests were collected.The H. pylori antibody was measured using dried blood on filter paper and delivery was by the Japanese postal service. The test system itself has been administered by the Aichi Medical Foundation of Diagnostic Technology since 1995.The questionnaire inquired about the environment of the subject at the age of 10 years, eliciting details about drinking water (natural/well/tap water), type of toilet (flush/other), residential area (rural/urban), family size (1-3/4-6/7 or more), birth order (1/2-3/4-5/6 or more) and breast feeding (breast milk/ other).Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of the factors. H. pylori infection (infected or not infected) was the criterion variable, and ORs of the factors adjusted for sex, age and district were calculated.In the next step, statistically significant factors were entered into a multiple logistic regression model together...

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Endoscopic retrograde pancreatogram and postmortem pancreatograms were compared in 6 dogs. The main duct, branches and acini of the pancreas were opacified adequately in that order with infusion of each 1 ml of contrast medium on 4 occasions in endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, and infusion of each 0.1 ml of the contrast medium on 4 occasions in postmortem pancreatography, respectively. The two pancreatograms were almost identical to the appearance of the main duct, branches and acini. The results suggest that a postmortem retrograde pancreatogram in order to investigate the correlation between the pancreatogram and the histological findings of the pancreas.