In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were obtained by direct precipitation method in aqueous solution using two different precursors — zinc acetate dihydrate and zinc chloride — under the same synthesis conditions. The effect of the selected precursors on the structural parameters of each synthesized sample was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results of the analysis demonstrate the synthesized ZnO phase with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and the average crystallite size of 28 nm for both studied samples. Based on the XRD data, the interplanar spacing, crystallite size, dislocation density, and micro strain were determined for different crystallographic planes. Analysis of the obtained values shows slight differences in the formed crystalline materials depending on the used precursor. The calculated structural parameters of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles are in good agreement with the standard reported data (JCPDS 36-1451). The effect of selected precursors on the lattice constants, unit cell volume, Zn–O bond length, and crystallinity of synthesized ZnO samples was studied. It was established that the sample obtained from the zinc acetate dihydrate precursor is characterized by the absence of impurities and higher crystallinity (93%) compared to the sample synthesized from zinc chloride, the crystallinity of which is 86%. The results are of practical value for simple synthesis of nano dispersed forms of ZnO and its possible application in textile finishing.

The compatibility of polyorganylsiloxanes and high-molecular polymers used as emulsifiers was evaluated. The surface and bulk properties of the studied compounds were evaluated using the solubility parameters (δ). It is shown that the copolymers of acrylic acid compound – polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, as well as polyvinyl alcohol without residual acetate groups in the macromolecule have the highest degree of incompatibility with polyorganylsiloxanes. It was established that the presence of residual acetate groups in the macromolecule of polyvinyl alcohol leads to an increase in the degree of compatibility of polymers. The calculated data on the fractions of solubility parameters and cohesive energy of polyorganylsiloxanes and emulsifying polymers are presented. The contributions of the components of polymers cohesive energy due to the fractions of dispersion interaction αd, dipole-dipole interaction αdd, and hydrogen bonding αh, as well as their influence on the degree of solubility of the polymer – emulsifier system, are shown. The choice of polyvinyl alcohol with residual acetate groups as an emulsifier for polyorganylsiloxanes is theoretically substantiated based on the concept of the solubility parameter as a measure of the affinity of the system components. The developed approach to assessing the compatibility of the polymer – emulsifier system is of practical importance for the creation of polymer compositions in the finishing works.