The study of cytokinetic and anatomical properties of the extramophile plant Thellungiella botschantzevii (German) at high concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 and without them (control) allowed to identify structural and functional transformations at the cellular level and evaluate the effect of salinity. Cytophotometric method showed the accumulation of cells in the root meristem in G1 and S stages, which indicated the adaptation of Thellungiella botschantzevii to high concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4. A high level of ploidy (up to 16C) and the maximum number of polyploid cells at the level of 4C and 8C gave the plant stability. Anatomical characteristics of Thellungiella botschantzevii root and leaf were obtained on semi-thin and ultra-thin sections, and accumulation of lipid and protein inclusions in the root cell was determined. The data obtained indicate that Thellungiella botschantzevii is a unique model for various kinds of research, including genetic research, and can help to develop proposals for increasing resistance in crops.