The analysis of relevant and significant scientific research on the physiological and biochemical aspects of ketosis, and the main mechanisms of influence on reproductive function in this metabolic pathology is presented. Strengthening breeding potential and creating conditions for its implementation through modern feeding and maintenance technologies led to the spread of diseases of non-communicable etiology, including ketosis diseases. Ketotic diseases cause various disorders in carbohydrate-lipid, protein, water-electrolyte and vitamin-mineral metabolism. The monitoring of studies on the biological role of ketosis showed its effect on animal fertility, quality of female gametes and fetal development. When considering ketosis, it is important to understand precisely the mechanisms of influence, since many methods for diagnosing and combating ketosis diseases are based on their knowledge. The key mechanisms of ketone bodies formation, the reasons for increase in their concentration were considered. It is of great practical importance for development of diagnostic tests that make it possible to determine the direction of disturbances in energy and plastic processes. Based on the data presented in the studies, conclusions were drawn about the role of -hydroxybutyric acid as a direct factor in reducing the reproductive function of Bos taurus .