Radiological, ultrasonic methods of research and magnetic resonance tomography help estimate changes of internal structures of a lumbar department of a backbone at primary syndrome of the low back pain and compare importance of these methods. Materials and methods: 100 patients have been included in research from chronic and 100 patients with sharp vertebral low back pain (LBP) and group of comparison (100 persons). All patients have passed clinically -tool examination: radiography, MRI and ultrasound of a lumbar department of a backbone. 76 patients were carried out МРТ. Ultrasound of a lumbar department of a backbone was appointed before treatment (in 3 weeks). Results: The surveyed patients according to ultrasound had changes of internal backbone structures most often as disk protrusion. The greatest quantity of protrusions was diagnosed in patients with chronic LBP that were asymptomatic. Sharp LBP was most often caused by a nervous radical compression with hernia. In a group of practically healthy persons the percent of diagnosed disk protrusions was small. A positive clinical change by the end of treatment in patients with sharp and chronic LBP was combined with the reduction of quantity and protrusion sizes. Restoration of epidural and paravertebral blood flow was a good prognostic criterion of treatment efficiency. Research has shown high importance of ultrasound of a lumbar department of a backbone that can act as a screening method of diagnostics of primary syndrome of low back pain at an out-patientpolyclinic stage. The received about 90 % concurrence with МРТ data testifies to comparability of results and expediency of wider introduction of ultrasound of a backbone in practice of public health service.