Цель исследования -выявить наиболее продуктивные словообразовательные модели в молодежной лексике немецкого и русского языков. В статье рассмотрены такие продуктивные модели словообразования, как словопроизводство, словосложение и сокращение. Дискуссионным продолжает оставаться вопрос об определении понятий «молодежный язык», «сленг», «жаргон», «арго». Научная новизна исследования заключается в том, что в ходе анализа определен способ образования молодежной лексики немецкого и русского языков (аффиксальное словопроизводство). Полученные результаты показали, что в сравнительном аспекте самой продуктивной моделью словообразования в русском языке является сокращение. В немецком же языке данная модель словообразования обладает наименьшей продуктивностью.
The relevance of the research problem is conditioned by a significant position, that take up the academic values based on their linguocultural concepts in the modern world, the intensification of Russian-German communication in the field of education generating the need to create a comparative academic conceptuary. The article is aimed at a determination of the comparative characteristics of the academic concept of 'university' in the German and Russian linguistic cultures. The leading method in carrying out of this study is linguistic experiment (free association experiment). As a result of the experiment, it was found that the list of associated attributes that make up the core of the concept of 'university' in the associative-verbal network of German-speaking and Russian-speaking subjects of academic activities, similar to, but different degree of relevance of these features. The only significant difference fixed in the association experiment is the presence in the German linguoculture associative relationship with the freedom of the student community and the absence of such a mutual relation in the perceptions of Russian students. The materials of the article may be useful in lexicology of the German and Russian languages, training courses on geography and linguocultural studies of Russia and Germany, in the practice of Russian-German academic communication.
В данной статье проводится анал из состава автомобильной лексики немецкого языка, по результатам которого выделяются основные тенденции ее развития: в работе раскрываются процессы неологизации, синонимии, интернационализации и англицизации немецкой автомобильной терминологии. В ходе исследования предпринимается попытка классифицировать лексику представленной категории согласно выявленным критериям. Выявляются сложности перевода автомобильной терминологии, обусловленные специфичным характером, проявляющимся на морфологическом и этимологическом уровнях. Адрес статьи: www.
The relevance of this article is due to the growing role of word combinations in enriching terminological vocabulary in the German, Russian and Tatar languages. In the center of terminological nomination there are terminological word combinations, which can be interpreted by a more complex structure of terms of a certain professional sphere and concepts in the intellectual activity of professionals. Terminological word combinations allow clarifying the available concept. Terminological word combinations appear at later periods of development of terminological systems. Terms -word combinations are considered to be the most productive way of nominating concepts that undergo changes over time and can be simultaneously used as abbreviations. Terminological word combinations are different from free word combinations and phraseological units. The purpose of the article is to describe the features of a terminological word combination. In addition, the article describes productive models of the formation of terminological word combinations in the German, Russian and Tatar languages. All possible structural types can be combined into substantive-substantive and attributive-substantive word combinations. The materials of the article can be useful in teaching the German, Russian and Tatar languages, as well as for courses in comparative typology and lexicology. The results can also be used in the study of particular terminological systems and in the description of the professional language personality.
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