Disaster preparedness is an important component that all levels of society must address in terms of disaster management. Lack of knowledge on disaster preparedness will have a direct impact on one's attitude in responding to disasters. This study aims to determine the relationship between community knowledge and disaster preparedness attitudes in the Lambung village, Banda Aceh. This type of research is analytic observational with a cross sectional approach. The samples in this study were the people of the Lambung village of Banda Aceh City with a sample of 100 people. The data was collected using a questionnaire that has been tested for its validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed univariate and bivariate using the chi-square test. The results showed that the people of Lambung village had a fairly good knowledge of disaster preparedness with levels from high to low being moderate (63.0%) and good (37.0%). The attitude of the students showed that the highest percentage was moderate (69.0%) and well followed (31.0%) in terms of disaster preparedness. The chi-square test results showed that there was a significant relationship between public knowledge and disaster preparedness attitudes about disaster preparedness (p = 0.001). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between public knowledge and disaster preparedness attitudes in Lambung Village, Banda Aceh. This study recommends the importance of preparedness in the community so that the risk of the large number of victims due to disasters can be reduced.

In the learning process in forensic medicine clinical rotation, a measurable and standardized evaluation system is needed. The preliminary survey is undertaken to assess the ability of the student in clinical skills in rotation of forensic medicine. This survey was carry out in the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. Data was analyzed is done manually. As many as 81 medical students were included in the survey (20 male and 61 female). The average student score is based on survey 3.40, while the average academic value was given by the lecturer is 3.49. The survey was invalid with sensitivity 0.519, and specificity 0.593 (value<0,6). In this survey, found the validity of student self-assessment not valid in determining the ability of clinical skills, it is influenced by several factors of objectivity and subjectivity of assessment both in terms of students and lecturers. In general, student’s clinical skills in accordance with the achievement of competency in clinical rotation of forensic medicine.

In the COVID-19 pandemic, medical handling can cause ethical problems related to the availability of doctors, limited hospital facilities, diagnostic test problems, personal protective equipment, lack of public understanding, and a lack of public awareness in preventing and reducing the risk of contracting COVID-19. Research is needed relating to these ethical issues by involving doctors as research subjects. In every study, a valid instrument is required to answer the research problem. One of the methods of instrument validity is content validity. Content validity is essential evidence to support the validity of a measuring tool such as a questionnaire for research. This research instrument aimed to determine the ability of doctors to identify four basic ethical principles and their attitudes towards handling COVID-19. In a study of medical ethics in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, a content validity test was carried out by involving 9 experts consisting of 5 bioethicists and 4 COVID-19 experts. The validity of the contents was carried out on 36 points of statements related to ethical issues that arose in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the validation of the 36 statement items obtained an initial CVI of 0.646, but 7 items were eliminated because the CVR was too far from the critical value. After elimination, there were 29 statement items used as a research instrument with a CVI of 0.738. The average value of the agreement between the raters on the statement items was 0.78. The average value of the proportion of the relevance of the statement items was 0.83 (recommendation value 0.90). In the reliability test using the Cronbach’s alpha method, the value of the reliability coefficient was 0.732 (0.70>ri>0.90), it can be stated that the content validity of the questionnaire is valid and reliable for this research instrument. Keywords: content validity, COVID-19, medical ethics, research instrument.

Penyakit kardiovaskuler merupakan penyakit yang paling banyak menyebabkan kematian mendadak. Dari sudut pandang patologi forensik sangat penting ditentukan penyebab kematian apakah kematian wajar atau tidak wajar sehingga dilakukan pemeriksaan forensik guna penerbitan visum et repertum. Pada beberapa kesimpulan visum et repertum disebutkan bahwa dengan hanya pemeriksaan luar postmortem maka penyebab kematian mendadak kardiovaskuler tidak dapat ditentukan karena tidak dilakukan pemeriksaan dalam (autopsi). Penyebab kematian berdasarkan pemeriksaan luar postmortem pada kasus kematian mendadak kardiovaskuler dapat ditentukan dengan langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan untuk kondisi tersebut dengan mengumpulkan data-data personal dasar, kesaksian, wawancara dengan keluarga, riwayat medik, riwayat pengobatan dan hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan kematian serta melihat tanda-tanda klinis spesifik setelah kematian. Penentuan sebab kematian dengan pemeriksaan luar postmortem ini disebut sebab kematian klinis dengan mengenali kondisi klinis sebelum pasien meninggal dunia. Apabila dilakukan autopsi baik klinis maupun forensik maka dapat dikatakan sebagai sebab kematian epidemiologis dan jika ditambahkan pemeriksaan penunjang berupa pemeriksaan histologi, patologi, toksikologi, biokimia dan biomolekuler maka disebut sebab kematian kausalitas. Dari sudut pembuktian medikolegal masing-masing sebab kematian mempunyai kasta yang berbeda yang tentu saja pemeriksaan lengkap mulai dari pemeriksaan luar postmortem, autopsi dan pemeriksaan penunjang berada pada kasta tertinggi.

Background: Pregnancy due to sexual abuse in schizophrenic patients always become a clinical problem in the obstetrics and gynaecology that can arise ethical dilemmas and medicolegal issues. Doctors must be able to balance between the obligation to protect patients from morbidity (nonmaleficence) and also respect the rights and decisions regarding patient reproduction (respect for autonomy). Ethical and medicolegal dilemmas can be resolved with consideration of clinical ethics namely indications of medical, preferential from the patient, life qualities and features of the contextual.Case description: It is a case a 35-year-old patient diagnosed with Schizophrenia 4 years ago. Currently, the third pregnant patient due to sexual abuse (rape). In these conditions, there are two dilemmatic conditions, namely whether the patient continues the pregnancy with the risk that the baby will be born stranded or termination of pregnancy and carried out steady contraception?.Conclusion: The decision was taken to terminate and Pomeroy tubectomy as a contraceptive choice for patients with various considerations such as age, adequate children and especially chronic mental illness. Patients with problems like this are at risk of having a poor quality of life. Decision making for solid contraception is supported by the representative of the social ministry of the Republic of Indonesia and the patient's family.