Objectives We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and management outcomes of patients who developed tracheal stenosis after invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) due to COVID-19 in this study. Design, settings and participants The data of 7 patients with tracheal stenosis and 201 patients without tracheal stenosis after IMV due to COVID-19 between March 2020 and October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Interventions Flexible bronchoscopy was performed for the diagnosis of tracheal stenosis and the evaluation of the treatment's effectiveness and rigid bronchoscopy was applied for the dilatation of tracheal stenosis. Measurements and Main Results In the follow-up period, tracheal stenosis was observed in 7 of 208 patients (2 women, 5 men, 3.3%). The patients were divided into two groups as patients with tracheal stenosis (n=7) and patients without tracheal stenosis (n=201). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and comorbidities (p > 0.05). The mean duration of IMV of the patients with tracheal stenosis was longer than patients without tracheal stenosis (27.9 ± 13 vs 11.2 ± 9 days, p < 0.0001, respectively). Three (43%) of the stenoses were web-like and four (57%) of them were complex type stenosis. The mean length of the stenoses was 1.81 ± 0.82 cm. Three of the patients were successfully treated with bronchoscopic dilatation and four of them were treated with tracheal resection. Conclusions Tracheal stenosis developed in 7 (3.3%) of 208 patients with COVID-19 who were treated with IMV. The most important characteristics of patients with tracheal stenosis was prolonged IMV support.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the prevalence of smoking rates and comorbidities and evaluate the relationship between them and disease severity and mortality in inpatients with COVID-19. METHODS: COVID-19 patients were divided into the following groups: clinic group, intensive care unit (ICU) group, survivors, and non-survivors. Non-COVID-19 patients were included as a control group. The groups were compared. RESULTS: There was no difference between patients with and without COVID-19 in terms of smoking, asthma, diabetes, dementia, coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, chronic renal failure and arrhythmia (p>0.05). Older age (Odds ratio (OR), 1.061; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.041-1.082; p< 0.0001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR, 2.775; 95% CI: 1.128-6.829; p=0.026) and CAD (OR, 2.696; 95% CI: 1.216-5.974; p=0.015) were significantly associated with ICU admission. Current smoking (OR, 5.101; 95% CI: 2.382-10.927; p<0.0001) and former smoking (OR, 3.789; 95% CI: 1.845-7.780; p<0.0001) were risk factors for ICU admission. Older age (OR; 1.082; 95% CI: 1.056-1.109; p<0.0001), COPD (OR, 3.213; 95% CI: 1.224-8.431; p=0.018), CAD (OR, 6.252; 95% CI: 2.171-18.004; p=0.001) and congestive heart failure (CHF) (OR, 5.917; 95% CI 1.069-32.258; p=0.042), were significantly associated with mortality. Current smoking (OR, 13.014; 95% CI: 5.058-33.480; p<0.0001) and former smoking (OR, 6.507; 95% CI 2.731-15.501; p<0.0001) were also risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSION: Smoking, older age, COPD, and CAD were risk factors for ICU admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19. CHF was not a risk factor for ICU admission; however, it was a risk factor for mortality.

534Akciğer Tüberkülozlu Genç Erişkin Erkek Hastalarda Tüberkülin Deri Testi ile Quantiferon-TB Gold Tüp Testinin Karşılaştırılması Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Akciğer tüberkülozlu genç erişkin erkek hastalarda Quantiferon-TB Gold tüp testi (QFT-G) ile tüberkülin deri testi (TDT)'ni tanısal etkinlik açısından karşılaştırmak. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : İstanbul'da tüberküloz (TB) açısından merkez özelliği taşıyan bir askeri hastanede Mart 2007-Mart 2008 tarihleri arasında yayma ve kültür pozitif akciğer tüberkülozu tanısıyla takip edilen 58 asker hasta çalışmaya alındı. Sağlıklı olduğu düşünülen 39 asker kontrol grubu olarak kabul edildi. Çalışma grubundaki hastalara ve kontrol grubuna TDT ve QFT-G uygulandı. TDT için; BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) aşılı olanlarda ≥15 mm, aşısız olanlarda ≥10 mm endürasyonlar pozitif kabul edildi. QFT-G için; ≥0.35 IU/ml sonuç elde edilen örnekler pozitif olarak değerlendirildi. Çıkan sonuçlara göre her iki testin duyarlılık, özgüllük, pozitif ve negatif öngörü değerleri hesaplandı. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Akciğer tüberkülozlu 58 hastanın 53 (%91.4)'ünde QFT-G, 29 (%50)'unda ise TDT pozitif saptandı. Kontrol grubundaki bir olguda sonuç belirsiz olarak saptanırken, 36 (%94.7)'sında QFT-G, 29 (%76.3)'unda TDT negatif saptandı. QFT-G ve TDT testlerinin duyarlılığı sırasıyla %91.4-%50, özgüllüğü %94.7-%76.3, pozitif öngörü değerleri %96.4-%76.3, negatif öngörü değerleri %87.8-%50 olarak saptandı. S So on nu uç ç: : QFT-G'nin, TDT ile karşılaştırıldığında daha yüksek özgüllük, duyarlılık, pozitif ve negatif öngörü değerlerine sahip olduğu saptandı. QFT-G'nin tüberküloz enfeksiyonu tanısında TDT'ye göre daha etkin kullanılabileceğini düşünüyoruz.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Tüberküloz; tüberkülin testi; esat-6 proteini, Mikobakteryum tüberkulozis A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : To compare QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test (QFT-G) and tuberculin skin test (TST) in terms of diagnostic efficiency in young male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : A total of 58 soldiers who were followed up with the diagnosis of smear and culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis between March 2007 and March 2008 were enrolled in the study in a military hospital which is a center of tuberculosis in Istanbul. Thirty-nine soldiers who were considered to be healthy were taken as the control group. TST and QFT-G were applied to study group and the control group. For TST, endurations ≥15 mm were accepted as positive in the subjects with BCG vaccination and ≥10 mm were accepted as positive in the ones without BCG. For QFT-G, samples ≥0.35 IU/ml were accepted as positive. Sensitivity, specifity, positive and negative predictive values of two tests were calculated. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : QFT-G was found positive in 53 (91.4%) and TST was found positive in 29 (50%) of 58 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. While the result was detected as indefinite in one patient in con...

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide, after the human immunodeficiency virus. There are almost 2.5 million new smear-positive pulmonary TB cases and 1.9 million new smear-negative pulmonary TB cases in the world in 2012 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Tuberculosis Report 2013. Smear negativity in pulmonary TB is a common clinical problem. Clinicians have difficulty in diagnosing smear-negative pulmonary TB without bacteriological confirmation. It is very important to decide whether or not to treat a patient with smear negative pulmonary TB when the culture results are pending or negative. New diagnostic methods are required for the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary TB. In addition to the development of new microbiological and serological diagnostic tests, clinical prediction scoring systems and algorithms including clinical and radiological findings of smear-negative pulmonary TB patients in our country, should be established to facilitate the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary TB.

Congenital Lobar Emphysema (CLE) is a rare congenital pulmonary malformation and it is characterized by hyperinflation of one or more lobes of the lungs. The disease is usually encountered in infants aged less than 6 months and it is very rare in adulthood. Herein, we presented a patient with CLE, who received asthma treatment for dyspnoea complaint in adult age but was switched to anxiolytic medications as no benefit was achieved from asthma treatment. The diagnosis of the patient was made clinically, radiologically and scintigraphycally. Although it is a rarely encountered condition, CLE should be considered among the prediagnosis, in patients with localized unilateral hyperinflation on chest x-ray, presenting with dyspnoea in adult age.