SUMMARY:The purpose of the study is to evaluate neurovascular anatomy of the deltoid flap based on the posterior subcutaneous deltoid artery (PSDA). Bilateral axillary artery dissections of the thirty-four shoulders of 17 formalin-fixed cadavers were performed (15 male, 2 female; age range 40 to 82 years) under the 4x loupe magnification. During the dissection of each region, the PSDA was evaluated with respect to the origin, the branches, course and anatomical relations with neighbouring structures. The PSDA was present in all cases. The PSDA was single in 26 (76.5%) cases, double in 2 (5.9%) cases and had early bifurcation in 6 (17.6%) cases. The mean length of the lateral cutaneous brachial nerve was 6.0 mm range from 49.0 mm to 83.9 mm. The mean distance between the piercing point of the PSDA and the acromion was 74.2 mm range from 51.0 mm to 96.3 mm. The pedicle bifurcated before reaching the superficial fascia in 6 cases (17.6%). An anatomic study of the posterior subcutaneous deltoid artery achieves reliable quantitative anatomic data and would be very helpful for utilizing deltoid flap. The quantitative and detailed anatomic information provided from the study may be of guidance to surgeons for safe operating period.

Anteromedial thigh (AMT) flaps based on lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA)have 28.53 (20.20-34.20) cm distal to the anterior superior iliac spine, 22.12 (13.40-28.00) cm distal to the pubic tubercle, and 13.20 (10.80-16.20)

Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC)issued an order recently requiring that all hospitals have an evacuation plan with the following components: sheltering plan, transportation plan and staffing plan. Also, these hospitals carry out tests to become familiar with the sequence of events that need to occur for an effective evacuation. However, risk managers only have a limited number of scenarios that they can actually consider for testing, due to time constraints or complexity in performing the tests. They can not make sure of the efficiency and effectiveness of their plans. Inefficient and ineffective evacuation plan may result in tragic loss of life as occurred in evacuation of hospitals as a result of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. This research proposes a simulation model that can be used by the hospitals to evaluate their performances in case of an evacuation due to a hurricane.