A selective, remote desaturation has been developed to
rapidly
access homoallyl amines from their aliphatic precursors. The strategy
employs a triple H-atom transfer (HAT) cascade, entailing (i) cobalt-catalyzed
metal-HAT (MHAT), (ii) carbon-to-carbon 1,6-HAT, and (iii) Co–H
regeneration via MHAT. A new class of sulfonyl radical chaperone (to
rapidly access and direct remote, radical reactivity) enables remote
desaturation of diverse amines, amino acids, and peptides with excellent
site-, chemo-, and regioselectivity. The key, enabling C-to-C HAT
step in this cascade was computationally designed to satisfy both
thermodynamic (bond strength) and kinetic (polarity) requirements,
and it has been probed via regioselectivity, isomerization, and competition
experiments. We have also interrupted this radical transfer dehydrogenation
to achieve γ-selective C–Cl, C–CN, and C–N
bond formations.
A radical aza-Heck cyclization has
been developed to afford functionally
rich products with four contiguous C-heteroatom bonds. This multicatalytic
strategy provides rapid syntheses of dense, medicinally relevant motifs
by enabling the conversion of alcohol-derived imidates to heteroatom-rich
fragments containing vinyl oxazolines/oxazoles, allyl amines, β-amino
alcohols/halides, and combinations thereof. Mechanistic insights of
this process show how three distinct photocatalytic cycles cooperate
to enable: (1) imidate radical generation by energy transfer, (2)
dehydrogenation by Co catalysis, and (3) catalyst turnover by electron
transfer.
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