Twenty-five new hydroxy-and methoxy-substituted 4,6-diarylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ol (20-34) and 4,6-diarylpyrimidine-2(1H)-thiol derivatives (35-44) were synthesized from the reaction of the corresponding 1,3-diaryl-2-propene-1one compounds (1-19) with urea or thiourea using the solid-phase microwave method. All the new synthetic compounds (20-44) were evaluated with regard to their α-glucosidase activity. However, only compounds 22-25, 27, 31, 34, 35, 37, and 40 exhibited a greater inhibitory effect than standard acarbose. The IC 50 values of the active compounds ranged between 2.36 and 13.34 µ M. The 25 new compounds were also screened for their in vitro pancreatic lipase activity and compounds 20-27 and 35-39 were found to be active. Of these compounds 26, 27, and 39 exhibited the best antilipase activities at concentrations of 0.40 ± 0.06, 0.26 ± 0.07, and 0.29 ± 0.026 µ M. All the new compounds (20-44) were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity for nine test microorganisms. Compounds 20-24 and 35-39 were determined to possess a significant broad spectrum against the gram-positive bacteria Escherichia faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus among the tested bacterial agents. Compounds 20-24 and 35-39 exhibit the best activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 62.5-500 µ g/mL, indicating their potential use as antituberculous agents.

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The aim of this study is to analyze the volatile composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Polytrichum commune and Antitrichia curtipendula. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) from each species were identified by GC-MS/FID. The main components were biformene (13.06%), α-pinene (6.53%), and bornyl acetate (8.10%) in P. commune. Nonanal and tetradecanal as major compounds were 19.96% and 20.23% in A. curtipendula essential oils, respectively. Antioxidant activity of obtained essential oils was evaluated using in-vitro antioxidant models. There was no significant difference within the groups according to DPPH activity. Also, the essential oil from P. commune showed higher metal-ion chelating activities than that of the essential oil of A. curtipendula. Metal-ion chelating activities varied between 4.1% and 67.4% at the 800 µg/mL concentration, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was tested by a minimal inhibition concentration test. Each moss species showed good antimicrobial activity against microorganisms according to the results of minimal inhibition concentration experiments.

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The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of the Eurhynchium angustirete (Broth.) and Isothecium alopecuroides (Lam. Ex Dubois) essential oil obtained by distillation method (Clevenger apparatus hydrodistillation). Obtained volatile oils were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) which revealed the presence of twenty-two components analyzed in the essential oil of E. angustirete representing 95.7% of the total identified compounds and twenty compounds were determined in the essential oil of I. alopecuroides representing 94.3% of the total identified compounds. Trans-pinocarveol and myrtenal as major constituents were 23.0% and 14.1% in E. angustirete and the main components were: biformene (9.9%), α-pinene (9.1%), bornyl acetate (8.4%) in I. alopecuroides. The essential oils from E. angustirete and I. alopecuroides showed higher metal-ion chelating activities which were 65.93±0.39% and 31.01±2.75, respectively. There was no significant difference results DPPH activity of essential oils 16.8±6.98 and 22.8%±8.91, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was investigated by microdiution method. The isolated essential oils were showed effective antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC2785 and Streptococcus mutans. Antimicrobial effect values were found ranging of 90.76-95.38%. According to antimicrobial effect value against to microorganism, essential oil of E. angustirete was higher than I. alopecuroides.