Introduction Fungal infections of the larynx are truly rare in immunocompetent people with only a handful of cases reported in the past five decades. Here we present a case series of 3 people (from 2019 to 2021), with no comorbid conditions, who presented with primary laryngeal aspergillosis. Materials and Methods Three patients with primary aspergillosis of the larynx were seen in the ENT outpatient department from 2019 to 2021, aged between 40-50 years of which two were females and one patient was a male. We describe the clinical presentation of each patient. Discussion Aspergillosis of the larynx usually occurs secondary to bronchopulmonary infections in the immunocompromised. The usual etiological factors include prolonged use of inhaled steroids, cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy, smoking, mucosal injury, and antibiotic abuse. Persistent hoarseness of voice is the most common presenting symptom. Video laryngoscopy reveals erythema, oedema, hyperkeratosis, adherent white plaques, shallow ulcerations, and grey or white pseudo membrane formation over the vocal cords. Definitive diagnosis is done by the demonstration of hyphae either by KOH staining, culture in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar at 28 degrees Celsius, or tissue biopsy. Conclusion Primary aspergillosis of the larynx has occurred more frequently in recent times. Aspergillosis of the larynx can often mimic malignant or premalignant lesions. Persistent hoarseness of voice not responding to treatment should also raise a suspicion of fungal laryngitis, in the clinician and relatively simple treatment be done before significant morbidity occurs.

<p>Hemangiomas of the airway are benign vascular lesions that can involve any site from the nares to the tracheobronchial tree. It is the most common head and neck tumors in infants. Most of these lesions are seen in the subglottic area in infants. The presence of supraglottic hemangioma is rarely described. This may be due to less likely chance of symptoms and the tendency of infantile hemangiomas to involute without therapy over time. Also, the occurrence of supraglottic hemangioma as a synchronous airway lesion (SAL) with laryngomalacia (LM) is very rare, with most common lesions being tracheal bronchus, tracheomalacia, bronchomalacia and subglottic stenosis We report a rare case of supraglottic hemangioma involving laryngeal surface of epiglottis, as an uncommon SAL with LM, both being unveiled during the evaluation for stridor in a sixty-five-day old infant. It responded well to medical treatment with oral propranolol as it is for most infantile hemangiomas.</p>

Introduction Postoperative hearing outcome after tympanomastoid surgery may sometimes be disappointing. This study aims to identify the factors influencing hearing outcome in squamous type of chronic otitis media (COM). Materials and Methods Prospective descriptive study on consecutive patients undergoing tympano-mastoidectomy for squamous COM. Results Analysis of 40 ears revealed that 10% had discharge less than one year with majority (75%) having more than three years. Pars flaccida and postero-superior pars tensa retraction pockets were most common findings with frank cholesteatoma only in 10%. Though mean preoperative pure tone average was significantly better (p=0.004) in those with ear discharge less than one year, 50% required type IV tympanoplasty, irrespective of duration of discharge. Type IV tympanoplasty revealed significant worsening of hearing (p=0.05), unlike type I-III where intact stapes suprastructure showed a significant postoperative improvement (p = 0.036). Successful graft uptake with discharge free ear was noted in 97.5% by 12 weeks. Conclusion Majority of our patients availed otolaryngologist opinion after more than three years of onset of discharge. Significant ossicular erosion occurs early in the disease. Preoperative better audiogram is not a predictor of ossicular status. Lack of significant symptoms and subtle clinical finding in the tympanic membrane, overlooked by the patient as well as the primary health care provider are confounding factors for early referral and surgical intervention by otolaryngologist. There appears to be a considerable delay for the common person in reaching the services of otolaryngologist; a relevant issue which need to be addressed at a national level to reduce the burden of the disease.