Background Local anesthetic injection is one of the most anxiety provoking procedure in dentistry. Knowledge about change in pain related behaviour during consecutive visits helps in and scheduling of treatment procedures and management of children in dental clinic. Aim To compare the pain perception, behavioural response and the associated change in physiological parameters while receiving local anesthesia injection with cartridge syringe and computer controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD) over two consecutive visits. Material and Methods In this randomized controlled cross over trial, 120 children aged 7 – 11 years were randomly divided into group A: receiving injections with CCLAD during first visit; group B: receiving injections with cartridge syringe during first visit. The physiological parameters (heart rate and blood pressure) were recorded before and during injection procedure. Objective evaluation of disruptive behaviour and subjective evaluation of pain perceived were done using Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability (FLACC) scale and modified facial image scale (FIS) respectively. Results No statistical difference in pain response (p= 0.164) and disruptive behaviour (p = 0.120) between cartridge syringe and CCLAD injections were seen during the first visit although the latter showed lesser scores. However, during the second visit there were significant increase in pain response (p = 0.004) and disruptive behaviour (p = 0.006) in cartridge syringe group with an associated increase in heart rate. Conclusions Injections with CCLAD produced lesser pain ratings and disruptive behaviour than cartridge syringe in children irrespective of order of visit. Key words:Behaviour, cartridge syringe, CCLAD, local anesthesia.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of conventional and game-based teaching on the level of knowledge and practice regarding oral hygiene among 7 to 10-year-old school children.Materials and methods: A total of 60 children aged 8 to 10 years were randomly divided into two groups: groups A and B. The intervention was started after the pretest evaluation of their knowledge regarding oral health and estimation of Debris Index-simplified (DI-S). Children in group A were given oral health education through flash cards once daily for 7 days. Children in group B were educated through the play-way method, i.e. connect the dots game combined with flash cards. The evaluations, regarding oral hygiene and DI-S were recorded on the 8th day after intervention. A follow-up score was also recorded after 1 and 3 months. Statistical analysis was done using paired t-test and Chi-square test.Results: There was significant increase in oral hygiene scores and decrease in debris scores compared to baseline in both groups at 1 week and 1 month. At 3 months interval, both groups showed a decrease in oral hygiene scores from baseline with group B showing highly significant reduction. The mean increase in knowledge score was also significantly better in group B (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The connect the dots game that includes oral health guidelines including good dental hygiene and dietary habits can thus be an effective intervention aid for teaching the basic oral health concepts among school going children.How to cite this article: Kumar Y, Asokan S, John B, Gopalan T. Effect of Conventional and Game-based Teaching on Oral Health Status of Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(2):123-126.

Usage of techniques which enhance behavioral response in children like injections with CCLAD can be considered as a possible step toward achieving a pain-free pediatric dental practice.

Aim:To evaluate the antibacterial effect of herbal water, ozonated water, and chlorhexidine mouthrinses on salivary Streptococcus mutans level and to assess their effectiveness of these mouthrinses on the oral health status of children. Materials and methods: A parallel multiarm randomized controlled trial was conducted in 100 children aged 10-12 years. Debris index-simplified (DI-S), calculus index-simplified (CI-S), oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) scores, and Streptococcus mutans counts were recorded at baseline (T 1 ). They were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 25): HW, herbal water; OW, ozonated water; W, water; and CHX, chlorhexidine. Intervention period was 15 days and data collection was repeated after 15 days (T 2 ) and 30 days (T 3 ). Saliva samples were used to evaluate S. mutans count. Results were tabulated and analyzed statistically. Results: OW had minimum DI-S score at T 2 and T 3 periods. HW had the minimum CI-S score at T 2 and T 3 periods. CHX had the minimum S. mutans count at T 2 and T 3 periods. OW showed maximum reduction in OHI-S score at T 2 period. HW showed maximum reduction in OHI-S score at T 3 period. Conclusion: Herbal water and ozone water can be used as an alternative to chlorhexidine in maintaining the oral health status. Clinical significance: Herbal water and ozonated water can be used in children instead of chemical mouthrinses to avoid any adverse effects.

A bstract Aim and objective A systematic review was planned to compare the clinical and radiographic success rate of pulpectomy in primary molars using a rotary system and hand files system. Study design The literature search was undertaken in electronic databases from January 2000 to December 2019 using keywords. Four hundred and forty-two studies were identified after applying limits. Three hundred and thirty-one irrelevant articles were eliminated. Among the 111 articles obtained, 90 articles were eliminated after reading the titles and abstracts. After assessing the full text, 18 articles were eliminated. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the English language on pulpectomy of primary molars, using hand files and rotary files and with a follow-up period of 12 months were included. Results Three RCTs comparing the clinical and radiographic pulpectomy success rates using rotary and hand files instrumentation were finally selected. Qualitative assessment with RoB 2.0 showed one study had a low risk of bias and two studies had a high risk of bias. Conclusion Pulpectomy procedures in primary teeth using rotary and hand files instrumentation techniques were equally effective in terms of success rates. How to cite this article Natchiyar N, Asokan S, Geetha Priya PR, e t a l. Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Success of Rotary with Manual Instrumentation Techniques in Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):8–13.