In recent decades, the rate of caesarean deliveries has increased worldwide. The reasons for this trend are still largely misunderstood and controversial among researchers. The decision often depends on the obstetrician, his beliefs and experience, the characteristics of the patients, the hospital environment and its internal protocols, the increasing use of induction of labor, the medico-legal implications, and, finally, the mother’s ability to request delivery by caesarean section without medical indication. This review aims to describe the reasons behind the increasing demand for caesarean sections by patients (CDMR) and strategies aimed at reducing caesarean section rates and educating women about the risks and benefits of CS.

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Infertility is nowadays a growing social problem, affecting variable percentages of population worldwide. The aim of this chapter is to expose a narrative review on current evidences in literature in the field of female infertility, critically discussing several aspects, from laboratory analysis to imaging and surgery.Infertility in females is a complex workup assessed from a hormonal, structural, and partner-based approach.