2. Review of each country's statistical sources in relation to home and work, exclusion, violence, health. 3. Review of governmental and quasi-governmental legal and policy statements that explicitly address men. 4. Review of two (noncontiguous) weeks' national press output to examine explicit and implicit analyses on men and masculinities, and their problematization.In each case, national reports, as well as a summary report, are being written. Information OutreachThe research network also acts as an information resource for other researchers, policy makers, and practitioners for the future. Currently, it is either actively seeking, or planning, to achieve this in a number of ways including the following:1. The Web-based European Database/European Documentation Centre on men. This Database and Documentation Centre became operational toward the end of 2000. They are located at the Web site of the allied and "umbrella" organization, Critical Research on Men in Europe (CROME) (www. cromenet.org). The national reports and the cross-Europe summaries are available at that site. 2. Published articles, conference papers, and edited volumes. 3. Several interface workshops and an international conference, involving network members and key personnel in terms of research/policy-making/ practice, and specifically geared to making key outcomes more widely known. 4. Linking with other researchers in other countries in Europe and beyond.

While studying citizen-soldiers, their dual identity as a soldier and a civilian have been highlighted. A citizen-soldier’s role is linked to citizenship and its obligation. The dual identity or critical voices of conscription or reserve forces have neither been recognized in research nor been debated publicly in Finland. The aim of this article is to analyse the reasons why some conscripts raise critical voices concerning their relationship with conscription and their role as reservists. The study is based on the interviews of 38 non-military service men and 33 men who resigned from the reserve in 2017. The data was analysed using content analysis. According to the results, the main problems with regard to conscription and armed defence, among the conscripts, relate to inequality of the conscription system, obligation to serve and lack of discretion. For individual conscripts as citizen-soldiers, the problem of killing has special weight when they reflect upon their own role in the possible act of war. Conscripts and their expertise could be used more extensively in a wider range of security-related issues than in armed defence alone.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the gendered social bonds and the everyday organisational practices and discourses of peacekeepers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on preliminary analysis of empirical material gathered through a seven‐month ethnography among Finnish peacekeeping officers in training and service.FindingsIn contrast to studies on homosociality, men's bonding and cohesion as a basis of optimal combat performance in military organisations, I suggest looking at the militarized social encounters, masculinities and collectives from the perspective of hybridity tensions and management. Peacekeepers' everyday practices and social structures can be interpreted as management of context‐specific power tensions.Originality/approachOffers a view to everyday life of peacekeeping and builds a basis for analysing men's social relations in organisations.

This article is one the work of The European Research Network on Men in Europe project “The Social Problem and Societal Problematization of Men and Masculinities” (2000-2003), funded by the European Commission. The Network comprises women and men researchers with range of disciplinary backgrounds from Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Poland, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom. The Network's initial focus is on men's relations to home and work, social exclusion, violences, and health. Some of findings on the Network's second phase of work, namely the review of statistical sources on men's practices in the ten countries, are presented. This is the second of four articles reviewing critical studies on men in the ten countries through different methods and approaches.