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An integratable circuit technique to realize a low-voltage current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) is introduced. The realization scheme is through the modification of a low-input resistance CCIIþ and the proposed CDBA can operate with the minimum supply voltage of AE1.25 V. In order that the signal path consists of only NMOS transistors, a negative current mirror using NMOS transistors is employed. With standard 0.5 mm CMOS process parameters, PSPICE simulation results show that the proposed CDBA provides the terminal resistance of r n ffi r p ffi r w ffi 13 , r z ffi 290 k, and the À3 dB bandwidth of about 500 MHz. Application examples employing the proposed CDBA as active elements in the leapfrog simulation of current-mode ladder filters are also included.

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A current-controlled multiple-input single-output current-mode universal filter employing current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs) as active elements is described. The proposed circuit offers the following attractive features: employment the minimum number of active and passive components; simultaneous realization of all the standard filtering functions; independent current-control of the parameters o,, and woIQ; no requirement of component matching conditions; employment of only two grounded passive capacitors which is suitable for integrated circuit (IC) implementation; and low passive and active sensitivities.