Abstract. Harahap SP, Fitmawati, Sofiyanti N. 2017. Short Communication: Phylogenetic analysis of mango (Mangifera) in Northern Sumatra based on gene sequences of cpDNA trnL-F intergenic spacer. Biodiversitas 18: 715-719. Northern Sumatra is an area with geographical variation. The environmental factors are affected on character plasticity such as found in Anacardiaceae family especially Mangifera genus. The character plasticity of Mangifera members raises a problem in determining clear boundaries between species based on morphological character. Therefore, a molecular approach is necessary to provide a specific character among Mangifera species. This study aimed to reconstruct the phylogeny among Mangifera members in Northern Sumatra based on the sequences of trnL-F intergenic spacer. All of the sequences were aligned by using Clustal W and Cladogram was reconstructed by using PAUP by Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Neighbour-Joining (NJ) methods. The MP cladogram produced two in groups i.e., clade I consist of M. odorata 1 , M. odorata 2 , M. laurina 1 , M. laurina 2 , M. indica, M. zeylanica, M. quadrifida and Mangifera sp. and clade II consisted of M. foetida 1 and M. foetida 2 . Based on the NJ method, it was obtained M. laurina 2 which had the highest genetic distance among other members of Mangifera. The trnL-F intergenic spacer with a low sequences variation indicated that this region was highly conserved and had a low evolution rate in Mangifera.

ABSTRAKPreferensi habitat berdasarkan distribusi spasial herpetofauna di Kawasan Pertambangan Batubara PT Singlurus Pratama, Kalimantan Timur. Komunitas herpetofauna terbentuk karena adanya kesesuaian habitat atau proses adaptasi yang memaksa suatu spesies untuk bertahan hidup. Pembukaan lahan pertambangan berakibat hilang atau berubahnya habitat herpetofauna. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui preferensi habitat herpetofauna berdasarkan distribusi spasial herpetofauna di sekitar kawasan pertambangan PT Singlurus Pratama. Survei dilakukan di areal revegetasi, hutan fragmentasi, kawasan yang berdekatan dengan areal pertambangan, sungai dan atau spot air alami dan buatan pada dua blok pertambangan yaitu blok Mutiara dan blok Merdeka. Metode pemilihan lokasi secara purposive sampling dengan metode survei pencarian langsung (Visual Encounter Survey). Ditemukan 4 spesies utama yang penyebarannya paling luas dengan populasi yang tinggi. Jenis herpetofauna yang paling sering dan banyak ditemukan antara lain: Eutropis multifasciata, Enhydris enhydris, Polypedates leucomystax, Fejervarya cancrivora dan Duttaphrynus melanostictus. Berdasarkan nilai indeks menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman herpetofauna rendah dengan komunitas yang tertekan. Jenis herpetofauna lebih banyak ditemukan pada tutupan lahan semak belukar, hutan sekunder dan areal pertanian yang terdapat sumber air didalamnya.Kata kunci : Herpetofauna, Penyebaran, Pertambangan. ABSTRACTHabitat preference based on herpetofauna spatial distribution in Coal Mining Area of PT Singlurus Pratama, East Kalimantan. Herpetofauna communities are formed due to the suitability of the habitat or adaptation process that forces a species to survive. The opening of the land mines result in missing or changing the habitat of herpetofauna. This research was conducted to know the preferences of the herpetofauna of habitat based on spatial distribution of herpetofauna in the vicinity of mining area of PT Singlurus Pratama. The survey was conducted in the area of revegetasi, forest fragmentation, the district adjacent to the mining area, rivers and water spots or natural and man-made on two mining blocks i.e. block Pearl and block independence. The method of election of purposive sampling location with direct search survey methods (Visual Encounter Surveys). The main species found 4 that its spread most widely with populations high. The most frequent species of herpetofauna and many found among others: Eutropis multifasciata, Enhydris enhydris, Fejervarya cancrivora, Polypedates leucomystax and Duttaphrynus melanostictus. Based on the value of the index indicates that the diversity of herpetofauna communities distress with low. Types of herpetofauna more land cover found in the undergrowth, secondary forest and agricultural areas that there are sources of water in it.

Muslim T. 2017. Herpetofauna community establishment on the microhabitat as a result of land mines fragmentation in East Kalimantan,. Herpetofauna community is established because of habitat suitability or adaptation process that forces a species to survive. In the mining region, herpetofauna habitat change has occurred. The loss of natural habitat and the creation of an artificial habitat result in severance of corridor as a connecting line between herpetofauna habitats so that only microhabitat remains. Microhabitats of herpetofauna survive on limited food resources. The process of surviving of herpetofauna in microhabitats is reflected on the phenomenon of the food chain i.e. reptiles act as predators (top) and amphibians are as preys and as insect predators (middle). In the mining area, an area with a source of water is the destination for all animals, especially herpetofauna, and it even becomes the microhabitat for certain species. The purpose of this study is to determine the species of herpetofauna, its communities and its domination on the water area its microhabitats within the mine area. The exploration is carried out by direct observation (visual encounter surveys). The survey location determination is done intentionally (purposive sampling) on the potential habitat in some locations of water sources, such as pit dam, settling pond, man-made lake (embung), rivers and swamps. Based on the similarity index, there are five species of herpetofauna dominating the life in microhabitats and playing role in the formation of food chain community. Enhydris enhydris and Dendrelaphis pictus are species of snake and act as predator of frog Fejervarya cancrivora and Polypedates leucomystax.

Rawa Mesangat merupakan habitat utama buaya Siam yang tersisa di Indonesia dan juga sebagai lokasi utama bagi nelayan sekitar. Produksi ikan sebagai sumber ekonomi masyarakat sekaligus makanan potensial bagi buaya Siam dapat terus berkelanjutan bila rantai makanan ekosistem tidak terputus dengan syarat kualitas perairan yang sehat. Pengambilan sampel air ± 1200 ml di setiap lokasi yang dilakukan di 6 (enam) lokasi dalam area perairan rawa Mesangat. Analisis kualitas air dilakukan di laboratorium Peraikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Kualitas perairan  menunjukkan pH yang normal, BOD 0,12 – 1,25 ppm termasuk dalam kategori tercemar rendah, COD 15,54 – 40,58 ppm dalam kategori tidak layak untuk kehidupan biota perairan, CO2 2,80 – 5,19 ppm kategori baik, TDS rendah antara 65 – 131 mg/L, TSS berkisar 7 – 87 mg/L, DO antara 2,86 – 3,19 mg/L, kadar nitrat tertinggi adalah 0,21 mg/L sedangkan kadar nitrat terendah 0,01 mg/L, kisaran suhu air antara 26 – 32oC, nilai Zn (seng) berkisar antara <0,003 – 0,02 mg/l. Perbedaan kualitas air pada setiap lokasi dapat disebabkan oleh faktor tutupan vegetasi pohon, vegetasi terapung, kekuatan arus sungai atau sirkulasi aliran air. Vegetasi terapung yang menyebar luas di perairan rawa sangat mungkin mempengaruhi kualitas air, salah satu contohnya adalah Salvinia molesta yang dapat memulihkan kualitas air atau sebaliknya tergantung kuantitas penutupan pada permukaan perairan.

Abstract. Fitrian T, Kusnadi A, Persilette RN. 2017. Seagrass community structure of Southeast Moluccas,. Seagrass bed is one of the marine ecosystem that having the highest productivity that could sustain coastal resources. The research purposes of this paper is to determine the community structure of seagrass at Tayando-Tam Island, Southeast Moluccas, Indonesia. The method of observation of seagrass bed using a line transect, transect ran perpendicular to the shore line for 100 meters. The field of observations include identification of seagrass species, counting the number of shoots and percentage (%) of seagrass cover. Seven species of seagrass had been found in Tayando-Tam island, i.e. Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule pinifolia, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium. Halodule pinifolia had the highest density in Tam Island with the number of 684.18 shoots/m 2 . The coverage in this area was between 4.64-43.1 %. Based on the number of species, diversity index and dominance index Tam Island had the most stable seagrass communities, with moderate value of diversity index (H'=1.26), high evenness Index (E=1.63), and low value of dominance index (D=0.34). Seagrass resources in the Tayando-Tam islands is good and the potential for biota the association, which is supported by the quality of water is good for the growth of seagrass.